Trauma exposure interacts with impulsivity in predicting emotion regulation and depressive mood

Figures & data

Table 1 Absolute frequency of trauma endorsed by PDS-F traumatic event [n of respondents (% with reference to the whole sample)]

Trauma	Endorsement
Serious accident	33 (35.5%)
Natural disaster	9 (9.7%)
Non-sexual assault by family member	11 (11.8%)
Non-sexual assault by stranger	19 (20.4%)
Sexual assault by family member	4 (4.3%)
Sexual assault by stranger	1 (1.1%)
Military combat	—
Sexual contact when younger than 18	12 (12.9%)
Imprisonment	2 (2.2%)
Torture	—
Life-threatening illness	3 (3.2%)
Other trauma	18 (19.4%)

N=93.

N_{(0 trauma)}=38; N_{(1 trauma)}=20; N_{(2 traumas)}=21; N_{(3 or more trauma)}=14.

Fig. 1 Trauma and impulsivity predicting emotion regulation, and mediation by emotion regulation for predicting depressive mood; χ²(6)=7.049, p=0.3164; RMSEA [90% confidence interval]=0.043 [0; 0.147] CFI=0.986; TLI=0.957; N=93. Bold arrows indicate significant standardized regression coefficients (p<0.05). Normal arrows indicate non-significant standardized regression coefficients.

Table 2 Cronbach's α, means, standard deviations, and Pearson correlations for trauma, UPPS impulsivity facets, emotion regulation, and depressive mood

	α	Mean (SD)	Traumaa	Urgency	Lack persev.	Lack premed.	Sens. seek.	Depress. mood	Inapp. coping
Trauma^a	–	0.59 (0.49)	–
Urgency	0.88	27.71 (6.64)	0.09	–
Lack of perseverance	0.87	20.59 (5.11)	0.02	0.36**	–
Lack of premeditation	0.88	22.96 (5.33)	−0.01	0.45**	0.45**	–
Sensation seeking	0.90	30.47 (8.59)	0.17	0.13	0.13	0.43**	–
Depressive mood	0.84	4.32 (3.80)	0.12	0.41**	0.13	−0.01	−0.05	–
Inappropriate coping	0.82	36.26 (8.12)	0.08	0.48**	0.32*	0.10	−0.07	0.51**	–
Appropriate coping	0.87	68.62 (12.26)	0.02	−0.31*	−0.30*	−0.05	0.14	−0.27*	−0.13

a Trauma exposure (+1=trauma exposure, –1=no exposure). N=93.

* p<0.01.

** p<0.001.

Fig. 2 Interaction effect between trauma and urgency on appropriate emotion regulation (ER) strategies.

Fig. 3 Interaction effect between trauma and lack of perseverance on appropriate emotion regulation (ER) strategies.