Update to an evaluation of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD criteria in a sample of adult survivors of childhood institutional abuse by Knefel & Lueger-Schuster (2013): a latent profile analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Latent class models and fit indices

Model	Log-likelihood	BIC	Entropy	LMR-A p	BLRT p
2 Classes	−4293.386	8793.253	0.932	<0.0001	<0.0001
3 Classes	−4199.198	8680.950	0.884	0.0135	<0.0001
4 Classes	−4151.242	8661.110	0.901	0.5351	<0.0001
5 Classes	−4116.582	8667.863	0.897	0.7018	<0.0001
6 Classes	−4085.218	8681.207	0.908	0.4714	<0.0001^a

^aThe best log-likelihood value was not replicated in 30 out of 50 bootstrap draws. The p-value may not be trustworthy due to local maxima.

BIC=Bayesian Information Criterion; LMR-A=Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test; BLRT=bootstrap likelihood ratio test.

Fig. 1 Standardized symptom severity profile by class. For clarity of presentation, the scores depicted in the figure have been standardized.

Table 2 Rates of PTSD, CPTSD, and subthreshold CPTSD in all classes

	Classes
	CPTSD	PTSD	DSO	Low Symptoms
Diagnoses	Class 1	Class 2	Class 3	Class 4	Sign. test
N (%) of sample with ICD-11 PTSD (n=39)	6 (15.4)	23 (59.0)	7 (17.9)	3 (7.7)	p<0.001 2>1, 3, 4
N (%) of sample with ICD-11 CPTSD (n=49)	37 (75.5)	1 (2.0)	11 (22.4)	0 (0.0)	p<0.001 1>2, 3, 4
N (%) of sample with ICD-11 sub1CPTSD^a (n=55)	40 (72.7)	2 (3.6)	13 (23.6)	0 (0.0)	p<0.001 1>2, 3, 4
N (%) of sample with ICD-11 sub2CPTSD^b (n=62)	40 (64.5)	2 (3.2)	20 (32.3)	0 (0.0)	p<0.001 1>2, 3, 4

^asub1CPTSD consists of at least one re-experiencing and either one avoidance or sense of threat symptom with no changes in the proposed additional symptoms for CPTSD.

^bsub2CPTSD consists of at least any two PTSD criteria, with no changes in the proposed additional symptoms for CPTSD.

Table 3 Symptom characteristics of the four classes

	CPTSD	PTSD	DSO	Low Symptoms
Characteristics	Class 1	Class 2	Class 3	Class 4	Sign. test
PTSD	18.02 (2.77)	12.58 (2.81)	8.90 (3.55)	3.47 (2.53)	p<0.001 1>2>3>4
Re-experiencing	6.09 (1.34)	4.38 (1.58)	2.93 (1.90)	0.91 (1.19)	p<0.001 1>2>3>4
Avoidance	6.11 (1.37)	4.70 (1.94)	2.52 (1.74)	1.44 (1.69)	p<0.001 1>2>3>4
Sense of threat	5.87 (1.66)	3.50 (1.87)	3.52 (1.98)	1.12 (1.39)	p<0.001 1>2, 3>4
Self-organization	17.09 (3.42)	7.78 (2.94)	12.69 (3.04)	3.65 (2.97)	p<0.001 1>3>2>4
Affect dysregulation	5.70 (2.03)	3.50 (1.80)	4.58 (2.28)	1.57 (1.57)	p<0.001 1>3>2>4
Negative self-concept	5.36 (1.72)	1.28 (1.21)	4.28 (1.26)	0.82 (1.20)	p<0.001 1>3>2, 4
Interpersonal problems	6.07 (1.53)	2.95 (1.69)	3.77 (2.01)	1.26 (1.43)	p<0.001 1>2, 3>4