Interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder in psychiatric practice across Europe: a trainees’ perspective

Figures & data

Table 1 Availability of evidence-based interventions for PTSD and training options in participating countries

	Evidence-based intervention
Country	Psychopharmacology	Psychoeducation	CBT	EMDR	Stress reduction	Group therapy
Albania	All	Specialized	Specialized	–	–	–
Azerbaijan	Majority	Specialized	Rarely	Rarely	Rarely	Rarely
Belarus	All	Majority	Few	Rarely	Few	Rarely
Bosnia and Herzegovina	All	Specialized	Specialized	Specialized	Specialized	Specialized
Croatia	All	Majority	Few	Specialized	Specialized	Specialized
Czech Republic	All	Majority	Few	Specialized	Few	Specialized
Finland	All	Majority	Majority	Few	All	Few
France	Majority	Few	Majority	Specialized	Few	Specialized
Germany	All	Majority	Specialized	Specialized	All	Few
Greece	Few	Specialized	Specialized	Rarely	Few	Specialized
Latvia	All	Few	Rarely	Rarely	Rarely	Rarely
Lithuania	All	Few	Few	Rarely	Rarely	Rarely
Malta	All	All	Rarely	Rarely	Majority	Rarely
The Netherlands	All	All	All	Majority	All	Few
Poland	Few	Majority	Few	Rarely	Few	Rarely
Portugal	All	Few	Majority	Rarely	Few	Few
Romania	Majority	Majority	Few	Rarely	Few	Rarely
Russia	All	Specialized	Specialized	Rarely	Specialized	Specialized
Serbia	All	All	Majority	Few	All	Specialized
Slovenia	All	All	Few	Rarely	Few	Specialized
Switzerland	All	All	All	Few	All	Few
Turkey	Few	Few	Few	Rarely	Few	Specialized
Ukraine	All	Rarely	Few	Rarely	Few	Few

All=in nearly all centres; Majority=in the majority of centres; Few=in a few centres; Specialized=only in specialized centres; Rarely=very rarely available; –=no treatment/training available; CBT, cognitive-behavioural therapy; EMDR, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.