Investigation of cytokines, oxidative stress, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers after orange juice consumption by normal and overweight subjects

Figures & data

Table 1 Serum biomarkers and body composition of normal weight and overweight subjects after 8 weeks of dietary intervention with 750 mL of orange of juice

Subjects		Normal weight (n=21)		Overweight (n=25)
Orange juice period		Before OJ	After OJ	Before OJ	After OJ
Metabolic biomarkers
Glucose (mg/dL)		78±7^a	77±7^a	79±11^a	80±11^a
Glycated hemoglobin (%)		5.30±0.31^a	5.30±0.30^a	5.32±0.54^a	5.42±0.39^a
Insulin (µU/mL)		6.05±2.86^a	5.28±2.83^a	6.99±2.66^a	7.34±2.89^a
HOMA-IR		1.17±0.60^a	1.01±0.58^a	1.40±0.71^a	1.47±0.74^a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)		89±29^a	84±29^a	118±37^b	124±36^b
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)		173±20^a	159±27^b	203±40^c	188±38^d
LDL-C (mg/mL)		104±21^a	93±22^b	138±37^c	126±37^d
HDL-C (mg/dL)	Women	62±15^a	57±12^a	57±18^a	56±17^a
	Men	55±12^a	48±13^a	43±9^a	40±7^a
Inflammatory biomarkers*
hsCRP (mg/dL)		0.25±0.04^a	0.12±0.03^b	0.18±0.02^a	0.06±0.01^b
Cytokines*
IFN-γ (pg/mL)		16.5±1.8^a	18.0±3.4^a	16.9±1.8^a	23.7±4.6^a
TNF-α (pg/mL)		21.5±4.4^a	19.1±4.0^a	44.2±6.5^b	40.7±7.0^b
IL-12 (pg/mL)		7.8±1.3^a	20.7±4.0^b	7.4±1.0^a	17.6±3.6^b
IL-4 (pg/mL)		23.2±3.0^a	19.5±3.0^a	23.5±4.0^a	29.7±5.8^a
IL-10 (pg/mL)		12.5±3.3^a	11.6±1.6^a	12.3±2.7^a	16.4±3.1^a
Oxidative biomarkers
Malondialdehyde (µM)		2.40±1.93^a	1.55±1.20^b	2.20±1.35^a	1.00±0.73^b
DPPH^• (%)		8.80±6.80^a	26.0±8.64^b	10.4±7.65^a	26.5±8.07^b
Body composition and age
Age		32.1±8.6^a		38.6±10.5^a
Body mass (kg)		62.1±9.4^a	61.8±9.4^a	88.6±11.4^b	87.6±3.7^b
BMI (kg/m^2)		22.4±1.7^a	22.3±1.7^a	28.9±3.0^b	28.9±2.9^b
Body fat mass (%)		28.6±6.5^a	29.3±4.6^a	29.2±6.0^a	30.4±5.3^a
Waist circumference (cm)		77.1±7.8^a	76.6±7.1^a	98.1±10.6^b	97.4±10.1^b

Normal weight: BMI=18.5–24.9 kg/m²; overweight: BMI≥25 kg/m² (23). Most of the results are expressed as mean±SD. *Results are expressed as mean±SEM. Values with the same letter in a row are not significantly different, while the different letters are statisticaly significant. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test P≤0.05.

Table 2 Energy and nutrient intakes of normal weight and overweight subjects before and after 8 weeks of dietary intervention with 750 mL of orange juice

Subjects	Normal weight (n=21)		Overweight (n=25)
Orange juice period	Before OJ	After OJ	Before OJ	After OJ
Energy (kcal)	1,840±284^a	1,886±440^a	2,535±334^b	2,607±334^b
Carbohydrates (g)	234±52^a	265±56^b	292±79^c	335±86^d
Protein (g)	77±28^a	78±22^a	128±22^b	121±29^b
Lipids (g)	69±15^a	63±20^a	94±20^b	82±16^c
Cholesterol (mg)	189±61^a	209±67^a	346±191^b	253±108^a
Saturated fatty acid (g)	17±6^a	17±6^a	24±8^b	20±8^ab
Vitamin C (mg)	94±58^a	437±40^b	187±107^c	451±75^b
Folate (µg)	183±97^a	369±70^b	211±89^a	432±115^d
Calcium (mg)	691±280^a	635±259^a	637±243^a	634±284^a

Normal weight: BMI=18.5–24.9 kg/m²; overweight: BMI≥25 kg/m² (23). Results are expressed as mean±SD. Values with the same letter in a roware not significantly different, while the different letters are statisticaly significant. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test P≤0.05.

World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series no. 894. 2000; Geneva: WHO.

 Google Scholar