Neonatal mortality: an invisible and marginalised trauma

Figures & data

Fig. 1.  Conceptual framework for factors influencing neonatal mortality, adapted from Mosley and Chen 21.

Fig. 2.  Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam.

Table 1. Multivariate logistic regression model with maternal ethnicity, household economic status, and maternal education with adjusted odds ratios for neonatal mortality in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam

	Ref (n)	Cases (n)	OR	95% CI
Kinh	370	67	Ref
Minority	228	114	2.08^†	1.39–3.10
Non-poor	476	116	Ref
Poor	122	65	1.28	0.84–1.94
Primary school or higher	492	116	Ref
No primary school	106	65	1.65*	1.08–2.53

*p<.05, ^† p<.001.

Note: An asset score below the 20th percentile was considered poor. Primary school or higher completed representing ≥5 years of schooling.

Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression model with proximate determinant of neonatal mortality in NeoKIP study area in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam

	Ref (n)	Cases (n)	OR	95% CI
Health facility delivery	519	125	Ref
Home delivery	80	58	1.63	1.01–2.65
ANC attendance	507	113	Ref
No ANC attendance	91	70	2.38	1.51–3.75
Close to any health facility	358	78	Ref
Remote from any health facility	239	102	1.47	1.03–2.11

Table 3. Odds Ratios (OR) for neonatal mortality risks related to delivery place, ANC attendance, and distance to health facility, divided by ethnic belonging

		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Ethnicity	Distance to closest health facility
Kinh	Close	Ref
	Remote	1.31	0.75–2.27
Minority	Close	2.12	1.27–3.54	Ref
	Remote	3.46	2.24–5.35	1.61	0.99–2.62
Ethnicity	ANC visit
Kinh	Yes	Ref
	No	1.14	0.45–2.87
Minority	Yes	1.73	1.14–2.62	Ref
	No	5.52	3.45–8.82	3.20	1.97–5.20
Ethnicity	Place of delivery
Kinh	Health facility	Ref
	Home	0.91	0.11–7.68
Minority	Health facility	2.05	1.37–3.07	Ref
	Home	4.20	2.67–6.59	2.05	1.28–3.26

Mosley WH, Chen LC. An analytical framework for the study of child survival in developing countries. Population and Development Review. 1984; 10: 25–45.

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