Recurrent floods and prevalence of diarrhea among under five children: observations from Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh, India

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea in Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh

Variables	Children reporting diarrhea
	Exposed to flood	p-value within group	Unexposed to flood	p-value within group	Total	p-value within group
	No (%)		No (%)		No (%)
Gender
Male	110(54.7)	0.87	117(54.9)	0.63	227(54.83)	0.65
Female	111(55.5)		110(57.3)		221(49.77)
Religion
Hindu	181(54.0)	0.32	156(56.1)	0.52	337(54.97)	0.40
Muslim	40(60.6)		72(56.7)		112(58.03)
Caste
General	35(56.5)	0.22	56(49.1)	0.25	91(51.78)	0.39
Schedule caste	39(48.1)		27(69.2)		66(55.00)
Other backward caste	103(54.8)		71(58.2)		174(56.12)
Schedule tribe	4(100.0)		2(66.7)		6(85.71)
Others	40(60.6)		72(56.2)		112(57.73)
Age group (months)
6–17	62(71.3)	0.007^*	62(67.4)	0.003^*	124(69.27)	0.000^**
18–29	45(55.6)		53(64.6)		98(60.12)
30–41	37(50.0)		41(51.9)		78(50.98)
42–53	45(45.0)		40(42.1)		85(43.58)
54–59	9(56.2)		10(45.5)		19(50)
Household size
Small	43(53.8)	0.27	36(58.1)	0.27	79(55.63)	0.10
Medium	160(55.6)		163(56.9)		323(56.17)
Large	18(58.1)		21(59.6)		39(58.20)
Very large	0(0.0)		7(37.0)		7(30.43)
Per capita income
Very poor	62(50.8)	0.43	62(70.5)	0.01^*	124(59.04)	0.61
Poor	86(55.5)		91(56.2)		177(55.83)
Middle income	43(63.2)		54(49.1)		97(54.49)
Rich	13(54.2)		16(47.1)		29(50)
Father's literacy status
Literate	107(62.2)	0.01^*	117(52.9)	0.19	224(56.99)	0.38
Non-literate	112(49.6)		108(59.3)		220(53.92)
Mother's literacy status
Literate	29(70.7)	0.03^*	43(46.7)	0.03^*	72(54.13)	0.70
Non-literate	192(53.3)		108(59.0)		300(44.64)
Place of delivery
Home	192(53.3)	0.03^*	204(57.5)	0.16	396(55.38)	0.68
Hospital	29(70.7)		24(47.1)		53(57.60)
Has the family taken any loan?
Yes	146(61.1)	0.009^*	170(60.8)	0.059	316(73.83)	0.002^*
No	74(47.7)		108(51.4)		182(49.86)

^**Significant at <0.001.

^*Significant at <0.05.

Table 2. Univariate analysis of factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh

Variables	Children reporting diarrhea
	Exposed	Unexposed	Total	OR (95% CI)
	No (%)	No (%)	No (%)
Child showing ARI symptoms in the last 2 weeks
No	55(31.2)	58(33.0)	113(32.10)	Ref
Yes	166(74.1)	170(73.9)	336(74.00)	0.97(0.63,1.48)
Did your child receive any treatment?
No	44(62.0)	42(72.4)	86(66.66)	Ref
Yes	177(84.7)	185(81.1)	362(82.83)	1.09(0.68,1.75)
Difficulty seeing at night
No	162(52.1)	171(52.3)	333(52.19)	Ref
Yes	30(65.2)	32(72.7)	62(68.88)	1.01(0.58,1.74)
Children showing signs of anemia
No	186(55.4)	167(54.9)	353(55.15)	Ref
Yes	33(57.9)	60(60.0)	93(59.23)	2.03(1.26,3.25)^*
Children showing signs of being underweight
Normal	85(54.5)	81(51.3)	166(51.59)	Ref
Moderate	73(57.0)	81(60.0)	154(58.55)	1.16 (0.75,1.8)
Severe	58(54.7)	64(58.7)	122(56.74)	1.15 (0.72, 1.85)
Children showing signs of stunting
Normal	67(53.6)	63(48.1)	130(50.78)	Ref
Moderate	55(54.5)	50(52.6)	105(53.57)	1.00 (0.58, 1.62)
Severe	95(57.6)	113(64.2)	208(60.9)	1.26(0.81,1.96)
Children showing signs of malnutrition
Normal	161(55.1)	174(54.9)	335(55.00)	Ref
Moderate	44(58.7)	38(60.3)	82(59.42)	0.79(0.49,1.29)
Severe	11(45.8)	14(63.6)	25(54.34)	1.17(0.52,2.67)

^*Significant at < 0.05.

OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; Ref = Reference.