Infant mortality of Sami and settlers in Northern Sweden: the era of colonization 1750–1900

Figures & data

Table 1. Working sample and missing cases

	Jokkmokk	Jukkasjärvi	Föllinge
Sample	10,808	9,630	9,368
Working samplea	9,813	8,439	8,557
Missing cases
Unknown date of birth and/or Not born in the parish	3,247	1,888	2,873
Total working sample	6,566	6,551	5,684

^aIndividuals born in 1750–1895.

Source: Demographic database, Umeå University.

Fig. 1.  Map of Sweden, including the parishes of Jukkasjärvi, Jokkmokk, and Föllinge. Source: Demographic database, Umeå University.

Fig. 2.  Sami infant mortality in Jukkasjärvi, Jokkmokk, Föllinge, and Sweden in 1751–1895.

Table 2. Infant mortality (per 1000) in Jukkasjärvi, Jokkmokk, and Föllinge in 1750–1899

	1750–1799	1800–1849	1850–1899	Total	N
Jukkasjärvi
Sami	64	233	136	152	4,803
Non-Sami	47	123	155	138	1,740
Jokkmokk
Sami	206	175	161	176	3,245
Non-Sami	95	97	117	111	3,321
Föllinge
Sami	24	110	71	74	808
Non-Sami	79	65	79	75	4,876

Source: Demographic database, Umeå University.

Table 3. Male and female infant mortality (per 1000) in Jukkasjärvi, Jokkmokk, and Föllinge 1750–1899

	Male	Female	Total	N
Jukkasjärvi
Sami	165	139	152	4,800
Non-Sami	146	130	138	1,738
Jokkmokk
Sami	190	163	176	3,242
Non-Sami	118	104	111	3,321
Föllinge
Sami	84	66	74	799
Non-Sami	75	75	75	4,875

Source: Demographic database, Umeå University.

Table 4. Infant mortality (per 1000) after parity in Jukkasjärvi, Jokkmokk, and Föllinge 1750–1899

Birth order	1	2–4	5 +	Total	N
Jukkasjärvi
Sami	151	120	192	152	4,803
Non-Sami	166	105	156	138	1,740
Jokkmokk
Sami	184	156	200	176	3,245
Non-Sami	151	97	99	111	3,321
Föllinge
Sami	71	56	113	74	808
Non-Sami	82	61	90	75	4,876

Source: Demographic database, Umeå University.

Table 5. Cox regression of infant mortality in Jokkmokk, Jukkasjärvi, and Föllinge, 1800–1899

	Jokkmokk				Jukkasjärvi				Föllinge
	1800–1849		1850–1899		1800–1849		1850–1899		1800–1899
	e^β	p	e^β	p	e^β	p	e^β	p	e^β	p
Ethnicity
Non-Sami	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Sami	1.88	0.000	1.42	0.000	1.98	0.000	0.87	0.157	1.66	0.002
Sex
Female	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Male	1.06	0.598	1.21	0.036	1.40	0.001	1.13	0.185	1.08	0.446
Birth order
1	1.09	0.583	1.40	0.004	0.75	0.032	1.12	0.345	0.89	0.360
2–4	0.76	0.055	0.89	0.277	0.63	0.000	0.72	0.004	0.65	0.000
>5	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Birth season
January–March	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
April–June	0.94	0.689	0.90	0.405	1.09	0.521	1.04	0.757	0.72	0.017
July–September	0.98	0.892	0.96	0.777	0.90	0.438	1.03	0.801	0.70	0.013
October–December	1.02	0.909	1.08	0.547	0.95	0.682	1.02	0.883	0.80	0.113
Birth period
1800–1849									1.00
1850–1899									1.14	0.277
Deaths (n)	288		479		433		445		374
Likelihood ratio	29.2		37.7		55.6		18.4		31.5
Df	7		7		7		7		8
Overall p-value	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.010		0.000

Note: e^β is the relative risk, p is the p-value for each parameter in the model.