Experiences and perceptions about cause and prevention of cardiovascular disease among people with cardiometabolic conditions: findings of in-depth interviews from a peri-urban Nepalese community

Figures & data

Table 1 Example of qualitative content analysis showing meaningful units, their condensation and abstraction

Respondent	Meaningful units	Condensed meaningful units	Codes	Sub subcategories	Subcategories	Categories
R7	Causes of heart disease are smoking … and excessive alcohol …	Smoking and excessive alcohol cause heart disease	Smoking Alcohol excess	Smoking Alcohol	Risk factors	Heart disease linked to diet and other health behaviors
R13	Festivals have effect on health and heart as there is more consumption of alcohol and high content fats, as well as spicy, oily foods during festivals.	Festivals affect the heart due to high consumption of alcohol, spices and fat.	Festivals	Effect of tradition and culture	Sociodemographic environment

Table 2 Qualitative content analysis: categories, subcategories and sub subcategories

Categories	Subcategories (sub subcategories)
Heart disease linked to diet and other health behaviors	General health (understanding, responsibility, health problems in the community)
	Heart disease
	Risk factors (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, body weight blood pressure, others)
	Sociodemographic environment (effect of tradition and culture, role of peers)
Personal distress, financial difficulties and family support	Personal (feelings at diagnosis and at present, support of family and neighbors)
	Health care
	Financial impact
Lifestyle modifications are well understood, but difficult to follow	Efforts
	Continuity and success
Awareness of heart disease is too little, too late	Level of awareness in the community suggestions for improving awareness

Table 3 Demographic characteristics of the participants

Respondent	Age (years)	Sex	Ethnicity	Education	Occupation	Disease
R1	74	Male	Newar	No formal education	Retired farmer	Hypertension
R2	39	Female	Brahmin	No formal education	Housewife	Hypertension
R3	50	Male	Brahmin	Masters level	Teacher	Valve replacement
R4	58	Male	Newar	Grade 10	Retired government employee	Ischemic heart disease
R5	40	Female	Brahmin	Grade 4	Housewife	Hypertension
R6	70	Female	Newar	No formal education	Housewife	Hypertension
R7	79	Male	Newar	Grade 8	Farmer and traditional healer	Hypertension
R8	45	Female	Newar	No formal education	Housewife	Hypertension and diabetes
R9	62	Male	Chhetri	Grade 10	Ex-army	Hypertension and diabetes
R10	66	Male	Chhetri	Grade 10	Ex-army and homeopathy	Ischemic heart disease
R11	79	Female	Chhetri	No formal education	Housewife	Ischemic heart disease
R12	57	Female	Kirat	No formal education	Owns a small eating outlet	Arrhythmia
R13	54	Female	Chhetri	No formal education	Farming	Ischemic heart disease