Progress toward universal health coverage in ASEAN

Figures & data

Table 1 Selected socio-demographic and health indicators in the ASEAN countries

	Total population (000s), 2012^a	Median age of population (years), 2012^a	Population aged>60 years (%), 2012^a	Population living in urban areas (%), 2012^a	Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population), 2012^a	Crude death rate (per 1,000 population), 2012^a	NCDs age-standardized mortality rate (per 100,000 population) both sexes, 2012^a	Literacy rate among adults aged ≥15 years (%), latest year^b	Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $), 2012^a
Brunei	412	30.1	7.0	76	15.9	3.5	475.3	95 (2012)^c	No data
Cambodia	14,865	24.1	7.7	20	25.9	5.7	394	74 (2009)	2,330
Indonesia	246,864	27.5	7.9	51	19.2	5.3	680.1	93 (2011)	4,730
Lao PDR	6,646	21.0	5.8	35	27.3	7.0	680.0	73 (2005)	2,690
Malaysia	29,240	27.0	8.2	73	17.6	5.0	563.2	93 (2010)	16,270
Myanmar	52,797	28.6	8.2	33	17.4	8.3	708.7	93 (2012)^c	No data
Philippines	96,707	22.7	6.2	49	24.6	5.9	720.0	95 (2008)	4,380
Singapore	5,303	37.9	15.1	100	9.9	4.4	264.8	96 (2012)^c	60,110
Thailand	66,785	36.4	14.0	34	10.5	7.5	449.1	96 (2010)	9,280
Vietnam	90,796	29.4	9.3	32	15.9	5.7	435.4	94 (2009)	3,620

^aWorld Health Statistics 2014; ^bUNESCO Institute for Statistics 2014; ^cUIC estimation.

Fig. 1 Coverage of health insurance in ASEAN countries 2012.

Table 2 The coverage of selected essential health services in ASEAN countries

	Diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP3) coverage among 1 year old (%), 2013^a	Antenatal care coverage, at least 1 visit (%), latest year^b	Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), latest year^b	Children aged < 5 years with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) symptoms taken to a health facility (%), latest year^a	ART coverage among people with HIV eligible for ART according to 2010 guidelines (%), latest year^b
Brunei	90	100.0 (2011)	100.0 (2011)	No data	No data
Cambodia	92	89.1 (2010)	71.0 (2010)	64.2 (2010)	84 (49–95)
Indonesia	85	93.3 (2007)	79.8 (2010)	65.9 (2007)	17 (12–25)
Lao PDR	87	71.0 (2010)	37.0 (2010)	32.3 (2006)	51 (44–58)
Malaysia	97	83.4 (2010)	98.6 (2010)	No data	42 (33–53)
Myanmar	75	83.1 (2010)	70.6 (2010)	69.3 (2010)	48 (44–54)
Philippines	94	91.1 (2008)	62.2 (2008)	49.8 (2008)	73 (52–94)
Singapore	97	100.0 (2006)	99.7 (2010)	No data	No data
Thailand	99	99.1 (2009)	99.4 (2009)	84.0 (2006)	76 (72–80)
Vietnam	59	93.7 (2010)	91.9 (2011)	73.0 (2011)	58 (32–95)

^aWorld Health Statistics 2014; ^bWHO Global Health Observatory.

Fig. 2 Trends in general government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health, 2002–2012.

Table 3 Financial coverage of UHC in ASEAN countries

	Total expenditure on health as % of GDP, 2012	General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health, 2012	General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure, 2012	Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health, 2012	OPP as % total expenditure on health, 2012	Incidence of catastrophic medical expenditures (>10% of household spending), 2011
Brunei	2.3	91.8	6.0	No data	8.1	No data
Cambodia	5.4	24.7	6.7	No data	61.7	17.0
Indonesia	3.0	39.6	6.9	17.6	45.3	5.0
Lao PDR	2.9	51.2	6.1	4.9	38.2	9.0
Malaysia	4.0	55.0	5.8	0.9	35.6	2.0
Myanmar	1.8	23.9	1.5	3.0	71.3	No data
Philippines	4.6	37.7	10.3	28.3	52.0	5.0
Singapore	4.7	37.6	11.4	12.7	58.6	No data
Thailand	3.9	76.4	14.2	10.1	13.1	3.5
Vietnam	6.6	42.6	9.5	37.0	48.8	15.1

World Health Statistics 2014.

Table 4 Health workforce in ASEAN countries

	Doctors per 1,000 population, latest year	Nurses and midwives per 1,000 population, latest year	Pharmacists per 1,000 population, latest year
Brunei	1.4 (2010)	7.0 (2010)	0.1 (2010)
Cambodia	0.2 (2008)	0.8 (2008)	0.04 (2008)
Indonesia	0.2 (2012)	1.4 (2012)	0.1 (2012)
Lao PDR	0.2 (2009)	0.8 (2009)	No data
Malaysia	1.2 (2010)	3.3 (2010)	0.4 (2010)
Myanmar	0.5 (2010)	0.9 (2010)	No data
Philippines	1.2 (2004)	6.0 (2004)	0.9 (2011)
Singapore	1.9 (2010)	6.4 (2010)	0.4 (2011)
Thailand	0.3 (2004)	1.5 (2004)	0.1 (2004)
Vietnam	1.2 (2008)	1.0 (2008)	0.3 (2008)

World Health Statistics 2014.

Fig. 3 Trends in Diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP3) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%), 2003–2013.