Adapting an evidence-based intervention for autism spectrum disorder for scaling up in resource-constrained settings: the development of the PASS intervention in South Asia

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of participants in qualitative studies and case series

Participant characteristics
	In-depth interviews n=20	Case series n=17
Primary respondent	Mothers 16; fathers 3; both 1	Mother 16; both 1
Age of child with ASD:	5–9 years: 5 10–15 years: 11 16–18 years: 3	5–9 years: 3 10–14 years: 14
Rural: urban	9: 10	3: 14
Educational level of respondent	Primary school: 3 School completion: 17	Primary school: 1 School completion: 16
Only child	5	5
Family description	Nuclear: 15 Joint^a: 4	Nuclear: 12 Joint^a: 5

^aJoint family implies an extended family structure where multiple generations or multiple siblings and their families live together.

Table 2 Themes explored for adaptation

Themes explored for adaptation
Master codes	Sub-codes	Themes
Family structures and support	Content	Support for parent to generalise intervention approaches
Help-seeking and opinion on interventions received	Content	Therapy style
Understanding of communication and its development	Content	Expectation from the intervention
Play in families	Content	Acceptability of the use of play in the intervention
Intervention components	Content	Parent agency
		Use of video-feedback
		Goal setting and home work
		Stages of intervention
		Language and metaphor
	Delivery	Training and supervision requirements
		Location of the intervention delivery
Non-specialist characteristics and capabilities	Content and delivery	Stages of intervention for non-specialist delivery
	Delivery	Training requirements for non-specialist