One health national programme across species on zoonoses: a call to the developing world

Figures & data

Table 1. Zoonoses’ prevalence/incidence and corresponding national programme in India

	Prevalence/incidence (%)		Existence of national programme
Zoonotic disease	Human	Animal	Human	Animal	References
Bacterial
Brucellosis	2–7	3–5	X	X	(7–9)
Campylobacteriosis	13.5^a	5.3–39.3	X	X	(10, 11)
Leptospirosis	10–20 and 53^a	57	√	X	(12, 13)
Listeriosis	40^a	25.3	X	X	(14, 15)
TBMTBM BovisMixed infections	0.2115.726.835.7	0.5–16	√		(16–18)
Staphylococcus aureus	30.8	–	X	X	(19)
Salmonellosis	7	8–48	X	X	(20, 21)
Scrub typhus	9.2	–	X	X	(22)
VTEC	3.12	6.2	X	X	(23)
Other rickettsiae	4.6	–	X	X	(22)
Viral
JE (Incidence per 10,000)	0.0003–0.0015	23.15	√		(24)
Rabies (Incidence per 100,000)	2	–	X	√*	(25)
Rota virus	23.4	19–27	X	X	(26–28)
Protozoan
Cryptosporidiosis	1.4	12.9			(29, 30)
Giardiasis	22	–	X	X	(31)
Isospora	–	2	X	X	(32)
Leishmaniasis	13.8–26	–	√	X	(33)
Toxoplasmosis	9.5	18–42	X	X	(34, 35)
Helminths
Ascaris	11.4	31	X	X	(31, 32)
Dirofilaria	12	7	X	X	(36)
Trichuris	2.4	25	X	X	(31, 32)
Cysticercosis	15.9	26	X	X	(37, 38)
Fasciolosis	–	13–53	X	X	(39)
Hydatidosis	15–25^a	1–36	X	X	(40, 41)

*Denotes prevalence/incidence in high risk population/high endemicity regions.

–Denotes absence of prevalence/incidence data.

√denotes presence of national programme.

√*Denotes presence of national programme in select cities.

XDenotes absence of national programme.