First identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains among coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from dogs with otitis externa in Trinidad, West Indies

Figures & data

Table 1 Oligonucleotide primers used for genetic characterisation and species identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci from otitis externa in dogs

Primer name	Target gene	Sequence (5′ to 3′)	Annealing T (°C)	Species	Reference
mecA-F	mecA	TGGCTATCGTGTCACAATCG	58	S. aureus (MRSA)	(18)
mecA-R		CTGGAACTTGTTGAGCAGAG
femA-F	femA	CTTACTTACTGGCTGTACCTG	53	S. aureus	(19)
femA-R		ATGTCGCTTGTTATGTGC
pse-F2	nuc	TAGGCAGTAGGATTCGTTAA	56	S. pseudintermedius	(17)
pse-R5		CTTTTGTGCTTCCTTTTGG
au-F3	nuc	TCGCTTGCTATGATTGTGG	56	S. aureus	(17)
au-nucR		GCCAATGTTCTACCATAGC
in-F	nuc	CATGTCATATTATTGCGAATGA	56	S. intermedius	(17)
in-R3		AGGACCATCACCATTGACATATTGAAACC
sch-F	nuc	AATGGCTACAATGATAATCACTAA	56	S. schleiferi	(17)
sch-R		CATATCTGTCTTTCGGCGCG
dea-F	nuc	TGAAGGCATATTGTAGAACAA	56	S. delphini group A	(17)
dea-R		CGRTACTTTTCGTTAGGTCG
deb-F	nuc	GGAAGRTTCGTTTTTCCTAGAC	56	S. delphini group B	(17)
deb-R4		TATGCGATTCAAGAACTGA

Table 2 The frequency of resistance of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolates from otitis externa to common antimicrobials used for the treatment of medical conditions (including otitis externa) in dogs at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Trinidad

Antimicrobial	Number of resistant isolates (expressed as % of total)
Tetracycline (TET)	24/65 (36.9)
Sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (TRI)	22/65 (33.8)
Gentamicin (GEN)	11/65 (16.9)
Cephalothin (CEP)	6/65 (9.2)
Streptomycin (STR)	32/65 (49.2)
Enrofloxacin (ENR)	12/65 (18.5)
Amoxycillin/clavulanate (AMC)	13/65 (20.0)
Penicillin (PEN)	32/65 (49.2)
Ciprofloxacin (CIP)	13/65 (20.0)
Neomycin (NEO)	38/65 (58.5)
Doxycycline (DOX)	21/65 (32.3)
Norfloxacin (NOR)	15/65 (23.1)
Polymyxin B (POL)	29/65 (44.6)
Kanamycin (KAN)	22/65 (33.8)

Table 3 Multidrug-resistant combinations among coagulase-positive staphylococci from dogs with otitis externa

Multidrug-resistant combinations (number of antimicrobials)	Number of isolates
CIP/ENR/NOR* (3)	2
NEO/POL/STR (3)	9
NOR/POL/STR (3)	3
AMC/KAN/POL (3)	3
NEO/PEN/STR/TRI (4)	2
NEO/PEN/POL/STR (4)	4
AMC/POL/TET/TRI (4)	1
KAN/NEO/POL/STR (4)	2
DOX/PEN/STR/TET (4)	3
DOX/NEO/PEN/TET (4)	1
AMC/DOX/PEN/TET (4)	1
DOX/PEN/STR/TET/TRI (5)	1
DOX/GEN/POL/STR/TET (5)	1
DOX/KAN/NEO/PEN/POL/STR (6)	1
AMC/KAN/NEO/PEN/POL/STR/TRI (7)	1
ENR/GEN/NEO/POL/STR/TET/TRI/CEP (8)	1
AMC/CIP/ENR/KAN/NEO/NOR/PEN/STR/TRI (9)	2
CIP/ENR/GEN/KAN/NEO/NOR/PEN/POL/STR/TRI/CEP (11)	1
DOX/CIP/ENR/GEN/KAN/NEO/NOR/PEN/POL/STR/TET/CEP (12)	1
Total	40

*For full names of antimicrobials, refer to Table 2.

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