History and current status of peste des petits ruminants virus in Tanzania

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Clinical signs of peste des petits ruminants in goats of Ngorongoro, Tanzania. The pictures show oculonasal discharges and matting of eyelids (a) diarrhea soiling the perineum (b) submandibular edema (c), and sores and nodules on the gums and tongue (d).

Fig. 2 Postmortem findings in goats with peste des petits ruminants. Hemorrhages in the intestines (a) and pneumonia (b) in a goat confirmed with PPR in Ngorongoro, Tanzania.

Fig. 3 Sample collection sites from selected PPR studies in Tanzania. Triangles indicate sampling sites and numbers refer to the study cited (see Table 1).

Table 1 Numbers indicate sample collection areas on the map in Fig. 3 and type of analyses

Number on map	cELISA	RT-PCR	Reference
1	Positive	Not done	Karimuribo et al. (23) (samples from 2008)
2	Positive	Not done	Swai et al. (22)
3	Positive	Not done	Mbyuzi et al. (42) (samples from 2009)
4	Positive	Not done	Lembo et al. (28)
5	Not done	Positive	Kgotlele et al. (33)
6	Positive	Positive	Mahapatra et al. (29)

cELISA =competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RT-PCR=reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Fig. 4 Districts with seropositive cases for PPR, indicated in dark grey. Districts were sampled during a nationwide surveillance in 2008–2013; in one district (Mwanza), surveillance was done independently by a zonal veterinary center at the end of 2012. Source: Department of Veterinary Services, Tanzania.

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