A decade of research in Inuit children, youth, and maternal health in Canada: areas of concentrations and scarcities

Figures & data

Fig. 1.  The frequency of papers by thematic areas in 2000 to 2010 (n = 72).

Fig. 2.  Distribution of population group categories and the proportion of thematic area content by population group categories in 2000 to 2010.

Fig. 3.  Distribution of publications by year (2000 to 2010) n = 72.

Table I. Summary of Canadian Inuit child, youth, and maternal health peer-reviewed literature by thematic area (2000 to 2010)

Populations group(s)	Thematic area(s)	Title and reference
Children	Chronic disease	Emerging obesity among preschool-aged Canadian Inuit children: results from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey 80
Children	Dental health	Prevalence and risk factors for parental-reported oral health of Inuit preschoolers: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008 85
Children	Environment/environmental exposures	The relationship between lead exposure, motor function and behaviour in Inuit preschool children 45
Children	Genetics	Glycogen storage disease type III in Inuit children 84
Children	Infectious disease	Hearing screening outcomes in Inuit children in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada 36
Children	Infectious disease	High rates of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in Inuit children on Baffin Island 37
Children	Infectious disease	Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae serotype a, North American Arctic, 2000–2005 26
Children	Infectious disease	Longitudinal observations (1987–1997) on the prevalence of middle ear disease and associated risk factors among Inuit children of Inukjuak, Nunavik, Quebec, Canada 32
Children	Infectious disease	Portrait of outpatient visits and hospitalizations for acute infections in Nunavik preschool children 90
Children	Infectious disease	A fresh look at an old vaccine: does BCG have a role in 21st century Canada? 91
Children	Infectious disease	High rate of Simkania negevensis among Canadian Inuit infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections 92
Children	Nutrition	Iron deficiency and anaemia prevalence and associated etiologic risk factors in First Nations and Inuit communities in Northern Ontario and Nunavut 93
Children	Nutrition	Food insecurity among Inuit preschoolers: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008 59
Children	Nutrition	Vitamin D status of Inuit preschoolers reflects season and vitamin D intake 56
Children	Environment/environmental exposures; infectious disease	Effect of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on incidence of acute respiratory infections in preschool Inuit children 25
Children	Chronic disease; interventions/programming	The benefits of sound field amplification in classrooms of Inuit students of Nunavik: a pilot project 73
Children	Social determinants of health; tobacco	Cultural, socioeconomic, and health indicators among Inuit preschoolers: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008 9
Children	Infectious disease; tobacco	Indoor air quality and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections in young Canadian Inuit children 41
Children	Infectious disease; interventions/programming	Heat recovery ventilators prevent respiratory disorders in Inuit children 40
Children	Genetics; nutrition	Adaptation of Inuit children to a low-calcium diet 83
Children	Infectious disease; health care, policy, human resources	Bronchiolitis in Inuit children from a Canadian central arctic community, 1995–1996 69
Youth	Chronic disease	Causes and contributions to differences in life expectancy for Inuit Nunangat and Canada, 1994–2003 82
Youth	Infectious disease	Otitis media and hearing loss among 12–16 year-old Inuit of Inukjuak, Quebec, Canada 35
Youth	Injury	Injury mortality risk assessment and targeting the subpopulations for prevention in the Northwest Territories, Canada 86
Youth	Nutrition	Age differences in vitamin A intake among Canadian Inuit 55
Youth	Mental health and wellbeing	Completed suicides among the Inuit of northern Quebec, 1982–1996: a case-control study 77
Youth	Mental health and wellbeing; social determinants of health	Suicidality in a sample of Arctic households 76
Youth	Infectious disease; interventions/programming	HIV testing experiences of Aboriginal youth in Canada: service implications 74
Youth	Infections disease; social determinants of health	Determinants of sexually transmitted infections among Canadian Inuit adolescent populations 30
Youth	Infections disease; mental health and wellbeing	Youth sexual health in Nunavut: a needs-based survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour 31
Maternal	Birth outcomes	Reclaiming birth, health, and community: midwifery in the Inuit villages of Nunavik, Canada 68
Maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	Organochlorine levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood plasma in Arctic Canada 49
Maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	Exposure of the Inuit population of Nunavik (Arctic Quebec) to lead and mercury 48
Maternal	Nutrition	Dietary assessment of Indigenous Canadian Arctic women with a focus on pregnancy and lactation 54
Maternal	Nutrition	Contribution of selected traditional and market foods to the diet of Nunavik Inuit women 57
Maternal	Birth outcomes; tobacco	Maternal smoking at first prenatal visit as a marker of risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin) Region 8
Maternal	Nutrition; environment/ environmental exposures	Fish consumption and blood lipids in 3 ethnic groups of Quebec (Canada) 51
Maternal	Health care, policy, human resources; birth outcomes	Converging epistemologies: critical issues in Canadian Inuit childbirth and pregnancy 65
Maternal	Environment/environmental exposures; nutrition	Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls and methylmercury exposure in Inuit women of childbearing age 50
Maternal	Health care, policy, human resources; interventions/programming	The outcome of perinatal care in Inukjuak, Nunavik, Canada 1998–2002 70
Maternal	Health care, policy, human resources; birth outcomes	The Inuulitsivik Maternities: culturally appropriate midwifery and epistemological accommodation 66
Maternal	Infectious disease; interventions/programming	Oncogenic human papillomavirus infection and cervical lesions in Aboriginal Women in Nunavut, Canada 94
Maternal	Chronic disease; social determinants of health; tobacco; mental health and wellbeing	The health of Cree, Inuit and southern Quebec women: similarities and differences 79
Maternal	Nutrition; social determinants of health; environment/environmental exposures	Food insecurity among Inuit women exacerbated by socioeconomic stresses and climate change 60
Children; youth	Chronic disease	The relationship between socio-economic and geographic factors and asthma among Canada's Aboriginal populations 81
Children; youth	Infectious disease	Hospitalization due to pneumonia among Innu, Inuit and non-Aboriginal communities, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada 24
Children; maternal	Birth outcomes	Heart defects and other malformations in the Inuit in Canada: a baseline study 62
Children; maternal	Birth outcomes	Birth outcomes in the Inuit-inhabited areas of Canada 95
Children; maternal	Birth outcomes	Degree of rural isolation and birth outcomes 63
Children; maternal	Birth outcomes	Risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Inuit and North American Indian women in Quebec, 1985–97 64
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	Prenatal exposure to methylmercury and PCBs affects distinct stages of information processing: an event-related potential study with Inuit children 44
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	The relation of lead neurotoxicity to the event-related potential P3b component in Inuit children from arctic Quebec 47
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	Thyroid hormone levels of pregnant Inuit women and their infants exposed to environmental contaminants 96
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	Neuromotor functions in Inuit preschool children exposed to Pb, PCBs, and Hg 43
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	Beneficial effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid on infant development: evidence from the Inuit of arctic Quebec 52
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures	The relation of environmental contaminants exposure to behavioural indicators in Inuit preschoolers in Arctic Quebec 46
Children; maternal	Infectious disease	Neonatal vitamin A deficiency and its impact on acute respiratory infections among preschool Inuit children 33
Children; maternal	Nutrition	Anaemia and iron status in Inuit infants from Northern Quebec 97
Children; maternal	Birth outcomes; nutrition	Congenital heart defects in Canadian Inuit: is more folic acid making a difference? 53
Children; maternal	Infectious disease; tobacco	Lower respiratory tract infections in Inuit infants on Baffin Island 38
Children; maternal	Infectious disease; tobacco	Risk factors and viruses associated with hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infections in Canadian Inuit children: a case-control study 39
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures; infectious disease	Acute infections and environmental exposure to organochlorines in Inuit infants from Nunavik 42
Children; maternal	Environment/environmental exposures; infectious disease	Susceptibility to infections and immune status in Inuit infants exposed to organochlorines 34
Children; maternal	Birth outcomes; interventions/programming	Primary birthing attendants and birth outcomes in remote Inuit communities – a natural “experiment” in Nunavik, Canada 67
Youth; maternal	Health care, policy, human resources	Identifying the needs of Innu and Inuit patients in urban health settings in Newfoundland and Labrador 71
Youth; maternal	Infectious disease	Prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus infection in a population of Inuit women in Nunavik, Quebec 27
Youth; maternal	Infectious disease	Determinants of human papillomavirus infection among Inuit women of northern Quebec, Canada 28
Youth; maternal	Social determinants of health	The social determinants of Inuit health: a focus on social support in the Canadian Arctic 78
Children; youth; maternal	Health care, policy, human resources	Life expectancy in the Inuit-inhabited areas of Canada, 1989 to 2003 72
Children; youth; maternal	Infectious disease	Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Nunavik Inuit (Canada) 29
Children; youth; maternal	Nutrition	Local cultural animal food contributes high levels of nutrients for Arctic Canadian Indigenous adults and children 58
Children; youth; maternal	Nutrition; interventions/ programming	Participatory research for chronic disease prevention in Inuit communities 61

Galloway T, Young TK, Egeland GM. Emerging obesity among preschool-aged Canadian Inuit children: results from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2010; 69: 151–7.

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Pacey A, Nancarrow T, Egeland GM. Prevalence and risk factors for parental-reported oral health of Inuit preschoolers: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008. Rural Remote Health. 2010; 10: 1368.

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Fraser S, Muckle G, Despres C. The relationship between lead exposure, motor function and behaviour in Inuit preschool children. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2006; 28: 18–27. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Zimakas PJA, Rodd CJ. Glycogen storage disease type III in Inuit children. CMAJ. 2005; 172: 355–8. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Ayukawa H, Lejeune P, Proulx JF. Hearing screening outcomes in Inuit children in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2004; 63(Suppl 2): S309–11.

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Banerji A. High rates of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in Inuit children on Baffin Island. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2001; 60: 375–9.

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Bruce MG, Deeks SL, Zulz T, Navarro C, Palacios C, Case C, et al.. Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae serotype a, North American Arctic, 2000–2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14: 48–55. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Bruneau S, Ayukawa H, Proulx JF, Baxter JD, Kost K. Longitudinal observations (1987–1997) on the prevalence of middle ear disease and associated risk factors among Inuit children of Inukjuak, Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2001; 60: 632–9.

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Dallaire F, Dewailly E, Vezina C, Bruneau S, Ayotte P. Portrait of outpatient visits and hospitalizations for acute infections in Nunavik preschool children. Can J Public Health. 2006; 97: 362–8.

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Dawar M, Clark M, Deeks SL, Walop W, Ahmadipour N. A fresh look at an old vaccine: does BCG have a role in 21st century Canada?. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2004; 63(Suppl 2): S230–6.

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Greenberg D, Banerji A, Friedman MG, Chiu C-H, Kahane S. High rate of Simkania negevensis among Canadian inuit infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003; 35: 506–8. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Christofides A, Schauer C, Zlotkin SH. Iron deficiency and anemia prevalence and associated etiologic risk factors in First Nations and Inuit communities in Northern Ontario and Nunavut. Can J Public Health. 2005; 96: 304–7.

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Egeland GM, Pacey A, Cao Z, Sobol I. Food insecurity among Inuit preschoolers: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008. CMAJ. 2010; 182: 243–8. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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El Hayek J, Egeland G, Weiler H. Vitamin D status of Inuit preschoolers reflects season and vitamin D intake. J Nutr. 2010; 140: 1839–45. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Dallaire F, Dewailly E, Vezina C, Muckle G, Weber J-P, Bruneau S, et al.. Effect of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on incidence of acute respiratory infections in preschool Inuit children. Environ Health Perspect. 2006; 114: 1301–5. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Eriks-Brophy A. The benefits of sound field amplification in classrooms of Inuit students of Nunavik: a pilot project. Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2000; 4: 324–35.

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Egeland GM, Faraj N, Osborne G. Cultural, socioeconomic, and health indicators among Inuit preschoolers: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008. Rural Remote Health. 2010; 10: 1365.

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Kovesi T, Gilbert NL, Stocco C, Fugler D, Dales RE, Guay M, et al.. Indoor air quality and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections in young Canadian Inuit children. CMAJ. 2007; 177: 155–60. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Kovesi T, Zaloum C, Stocco C, Fugler D, Dales RE, Ni A, et al.. Heat recovery ventilators prevent respiratory disorders in Inuit children. Indoor Air. 2009; 19: 489–99. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Sellers EAC, Sharma A, Rodd C. Adaptation of Inuit children to a low-calcium diet. [Erratum appears in CMAJ. 2003 Sep 16;169:545]. CMAJ. 2003; 168: 1141–3.

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Orr P, McDonald S, Milley D, Brown R. Bronchiolitis in Inuit children from a Canadian central arctic community, 1995–1996. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2001; 60: 649–58.

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Peters PA. Causes and contributions to differences in life expectancy for Inuit Nunangat and Canada, 1994–2003. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2010; 69: 38–49.

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Ayukawa H, Bruneau S, Proulx J-F, Macarthur J, Baxter J. Otitis media and hearing loss among 12–16-year-old Inuit of Inukjuak, Quebec, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2004; 63(Suppl 2): S312–4.

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Mo D. Injury mortality risk assessment and targeting the subpopulations for prevention in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2001; 60: 391–9.

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Egeland GM, Berti P, Soueida R, Arbour LT, Receveur O, Kuhnlein HV. Age differences in vitamin A intake among Canadian Inuit. Can J Public Health. 2004; 95: 465–9.

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Boothroyd LJ, Kirmayer LJ, Spreng S, Malus M, Hodgins S. Completed suicides among the Inuit of northern Quebec, 1982–1996: a case-control study. CMAJ. 2001; 165: 749–55.

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Haggarty JM, Cernovsky Z, Bedard M, Merskey H. Suicidality in a sample of Arctic households. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2008; 38: 699–707. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Steenbeek A, Tyndall M, Rothenberg R, Sheps S. Determinants of sexually transmitted infections among Canadian Inuit adolescent populations. Public Health Nurs. 2006; 23: 531–4. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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Cole M. Youth sexual health in Nunavut: a needs-based survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2004; 63(Suppl 2): S270–3.

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Van Wagner V, Epoo B, Nastapoka J, Harney E. Reclaiming birth, health, and community: midwifery in the Inuit villages of Nunavik, Canada. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007; 52: 384–91. 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18383.

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