Food and water security issues in Russia I: food security in the general population of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, 2000–2011

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Administrative division of Russia.

Fig. 2 Food costs as proportion of household income, averaged 2000–2010, %.

Table I Recommended quantities of food consumption in Russia (43)

Product	Unit (kg/person/year)
Meat and meat products	70–75
Milk and milk products	320–340
Fish and fish products	18–22
Cereals (including grains, bread, macaroni, beans)	95–105
Eggs (pieces)	260 pieces
Sugar	24–28
Plant oil	10–12
Vegetables	120–140
Potatoes	95–100
Fruits and berries	90–100

Table II Food consumption in the selected regions, percentage of recommended quantities

	Years	Meat*	Milk*	Fish*	Cereals*	Eggs (pieces)	Sugar	Plant oil	Vegetables	Potatoes	Fruits, berries
Russian Federation	2009	87	77	83	113	101	132	109	86	113	62
Murmansk Oblast	2000–08	67	56	100	100	79	120	108	63	71	48
Karelia Republic**	2008–10	79	87	99	51	78	94	67	nd	84	nd
Arkhangelsk Oblast**	2002–10	63	46	132	102	78	129	100	61	88	55
Nenets AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Komi Republic	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Yamalo-Nenets AO	2000–10	118	69	100	92	77	98	100	76	62	75
Khanty-Mansi AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Taymyr AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Evenki AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Yakutia/Sakha Republic	2008	104	82	93	103	65	100	96	40	49	56
Magadan Oblast	2000–08	96	49	107	99	62	100	nd	63	68	53
Koryak AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Chukotka AO	2008	100	58	80	87	54	95	60	50	29	51
Kamchatka Kraj	2003–08	105	61	120	96	70	100	100	65	84	62
Sakhalin Oblast	2008	115	63	120	101	69	116	120	74	75	64
Khabarovsk Kraj**	2002–07	88	63	105	100	74	100	107	77	82	55
Primorsky Kraj	2000–10	66	33	106	92	62	124	100	82	120	52
Amur Oblast**	2009–10	87	59	109	92	107	100	108	49	nd	57

*Meat and meat products, milk and milk products, fish and fish products, cereals (including grains, bread, macaroni, beans).

Data were recalculated (from kg/person/year to percentage of recommended quantities) from Regional Statistical Yearbooks (41, 42) or from **Regional Reports on the “Sanitary-Epidemiological Situation” (49, 50) and have been averaged for the specified periods.

nd =no data.

Table III Food samples analyzed for chemical and biological contaminants in all food and in imported food products in the selected regions, averaged during a specified period, percentage of samples which do not follow hygienic norms

		Chemical contaminants		Biological contaminants
	Years	All food	Imported food	All food	Imported food
Russian Federation	2000–10	3.7	2.3	5.9	3.4
Murmansk Oblast	2007–11	5.3	nd	5.1	nd
Karelia Republic	2002–11	5.0	nd	7.7	nd
Arkhangelsk Oblast	2002–11	6.8	5.9	11.8	6.2
Nenets AO	2007–11	7.6	1.3	15.3	nd
Komi Republic	2002–11	2.5	3.7	7.9	5.0
Yamalo-Nenets AO	2007–11	5.5	nd	7.6	5.5
Khanty-Mansi AO	2010–11	2.5	3.4	10.9	6.1
Taymyr AO	2006–11	1.4	nd	nd	nd
Evenki AO	2006–11	4.8	nd	nd	nd
Sakha Republic	2002–11	5.7	3.6	12.8	6.0
Magadan Oblast	2002–10	5.3	3.7	11.1	9.1
Koryak AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Chukotka AO	2007–11	13.2	19.7	14.4	5.5
Kamchatka Kraj	2008–11	1.9	5.9	8.6	2.4
Sakhalin Oblast	2005–11	5.3	3.3	10.8	6.1
Khabarovsk Kraj*	2003–11	2.7	6.7	8.1	4.6
Primorsky Kraj	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Amur Oblast	2005–11	0.5	1.7	6.1	3.1

Data from Refs. 48 and 49.

*For biological contaminants 2004–2011 time period was averaged.

nd=no data.

Fig. 3 Structure of chemical pollutants in all food samples from all selected regions (2007–11), percentage of total number of samples analyzed.

Table IV Number of food samples analyzed for all chemical pollutants and for nitrates, aflatoxins and DDT in each selected region averaged during a specified period, and percentage of samples which do not obey hygienic norms, separately

		All pollutants		Nitrates		Aflatoxins		DDT		DDT (local)
	Years	n, per 10,000	n, population	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Murmansk Oblast	2007–11	17.7	1,466	634	8	28	0	66	0	34	0
Karelia Republic	2007–11	33.2	2,239	771	2.4	60	0	146	0	95	0
Arkhangelsk Oblast	2007–11	20.5	2,563	778	6.6	51	1.2	229	0.6	150	0.9
Nenets AO	2009–11	21.4	90	76	14.4	ns	ns	2	0	4	0
Komi Republic	2007–11	27.2	2,564	296	5.1	111	1.1	280	0.8	164	0.5
Yamalo-Nenets AO	2007–11	10.2	552	103	11.4	1	0	35	1.7	11	0
Khanty-Mansi AO	2007–11	30.6	4,667	1,374	5	105	3	169	5.1	58	2.1
Taymyr AO	2006–11	56.6	220	51	2	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Evenki AO	2006–11	292.2	552	42	2.4	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Sakha Republic	2007–11	10.5	998	143	8.5	18	0	66	0.9	32	1.5
Magadan Oblast	2007–11	156.1	2,523	84	13.1	ns	ns	398	0	202	0
Koryak AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Chukotka AO	2008–11	28.5	142	37	14.4	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Kamchatka Kraj	2007–11	24.2	816	85	3.5	42	12.9	105	0.6	127	0.5
Sakhalin Oblast	2009–11	18	919	183	11.1	6	0	69	9.2	36	15.5
Khabarovsk Kraj	2007–11	22.2	3,074	432	11.1	62	0	242	0.7	138	0.9
Primorsky Kraj	2007–11	55.5	10,982	1,237	3.4	451	1.8	1,373	4.7	594	5.3
Amur Oblast	2007–11	17	1,453	285	1	49	0.4	294	0	162	0

Data from “Social–Hygienic Monitoring” system.

n=average number of samples per year.

ns=no samples analyzed.

nd=no data.

%=of samples exceeded threshold.

Table V Number of food samples analyzed for metals in each selected region averagely during specified period, and percentage of samples which do not obey hygienic norms

		Pb		Cd		As		Hg		Hg (local fish)
	Years	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Murmansk Oblast	2007–11	179	0.9	176	0.7	147	0.9	158	0.5	ns	ns
Karelia Republic	2007–11	344	0.2	342	0.1	280	0.5	257	0.4	ns	ns
Arkhangelsk Oblast	2007–11	418	0.4	407	0.3	314	1	311	1	ns	ns
Nenets AO	2009–11	3	0	2	0	3	0	3	0	ns	ns
Komi Republic	2007–11	506	0.4	514	1.8	364	0.4	363	1.1	ns	ns
Yamalo-Nenets AO	2007–11	120	0.7	116	0.5	76	1.3	69	1.7	ns	ns
Khanty-Mansi AO	2007–11	775	2.8	751	0.5	730	0.8	697	0.5	14	2.3
Taymyr AO	2006–11	45	0	45	0	46	0	35	0	ns	ns
Evenki AO	2006–11	160	0	160	0	191	0	ns	ns	ns	ns
Sakha Republic	2007–11	234	2	231	1	140	2.9	149	1.3	11	9.3
Magadan Oblast	2007–11	493	0.1	494	0.4	489	0.4	555	0	ns	ns
Koryak AO	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Chukotka AO	2008–11	39	1.9	38	0.7	4	0	24	0	ns	ns
Kamchatka Kraj	2007–11	178	0.1	168	0.1	99	0	98	2	ns	ns
Sakhalin Oblast	2009–11	165	0.8	166	0.4	155	2.8	160	4	3	0
Khabarovsk Kraj	2007–11	770	0.1	510	0.3	454	0.6	461	0.2	ns	ns
Primorsky Kraj	2007–11	1,853	0.1	1,858	0.7	1,719	0.2	1,642	0.8	ns	ns
Amur Oblast	2007–11	216	0	198	0.4	148	0.1	195	1	ns	ns

Data from “Social-Hygienic Monitoring” system.

n=average number of samples per year.

ns=no samples analyzed.

nd=no data.

%=of samples exceeded threshold.

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