In vitro antibacterial effect of carbamide peroxide on oral biofilm

Figures & data

Fig. 1 (A) Biofilm on HA disc after 3 weeks of incubation under anaerobic conditions. (B) After exposure to control gel and stained with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit L-7012. Stained biofilm after exposure to 1% CHX gel for (C) 1 min, (D) 3 min, and (E) 10 min. Stained biofilm after exposure to 5% CP gel for (F) 1 min, (G) 3 min, and (H) 10 min. Stained biofilm after exposure to 10% CP gel for (I) 1 min, (J) 3 min, and (K) 10 min. Stained biofilm after exposure to CP rinse for 1 min at (L) 5% and (M) 10%.

Fig. 2 Bar graph representing the percentage of remaining biofilm.

Table 1 Area of biofilm remaining after application of the test agents

Test agents	Area (%) of biofilm remaining	SD
Control	89.6	9.8
1% Chlorhexidine gel
After 1 min	95.5	3.8
After 3 min	91.9	3.1
After 10 min	93.9	0.9
5% Carbamide peroxide gel
After 1 min	81.4	6.3
After 3 min	60.1	12.4
After 10 min	50.0	8.2
10% Carbamide peroxide gel
After 1 min	60.2	4.1
After 3 min	45.0	22.4
After 10 min	0.7	0.2
5% Carbamide peroxide rinse 1 min	88.5	10.0
10% Carbamide peroxide rinse 1 min	1.7	2.5

Fig. 3 Bar graph representing percentage of dead bacteria after test agent application.

Fig. 4 Confocal scanned segment of biofilm stained with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability kit after exposure to (A) control, 1% CHX gel for (B) 1 min, (C) 3 mins, (D) 10 mins, 5% CP gel for (E) 1 min, (F) 3 mins, (G) 10 mins, 10% CP gel for (H) 1 min, (I) 3 mins, and (J) 5% CP rinse for 1 min

Table 2 The proportion of live bacteria to live-and-dead bacteria after applying the test agents

Test agents	% of live bacteria	SD
Control	94.8	4.2
1% Chlorhexidine gel 1 min	60.8	16.4
1% Chlorhexidine gel 3 min	56.3	15.0
1% Chlorhexidine gel 10 min	40.4	18.3
5% Carbamide peroxide gel 1 min	50.2	20.6
5% Carbamide peroxide gel 3 min	71.6	9.8
5% Carbamide peroxide gel 10 min	52.3	16.3
10% Carbamide peroxide gel 1 min	57.6	16.9
10% Carbamide peroxide gel 3 min	43.6	21.6
10% Carbamide peroxide gel 10 min	–	–
5% Carbamide peroxide rinse 1 min	49.0	13.8
10% Carbamide peroxide rinse 1 min	–	–