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Abstract
We have examined the hyphal tip structure in four zygomycetous fungi: Mortierella verticillata (Mortierellales), Coemansia reversa (Kickxellales), Mucor indicus and Gilbertella persicaria (Mucorales) using both light and transmission electron microscopy. We have used cryofixation and freeze-substitution methods to preserve fungal hyphae for transmission electron microscopy, which yielded improved preservation of ultrastructural details. Our research has confirmed studies that described the accumulation of secretory vesicles as a crescent at the hyphal apex (i.e. the apical vesicle crescent [AVC]) and provided a more detailed understanding of the vesicle populations. In addition, we have been able to observe the behavior of the AVC during hyphal growth in M. indicus and G. persicaria.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dave Lowry for his assistance with electron microscopy at the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Bioimaging Facility at Arizona State University. This work was support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) collaborative research: AFTOL: resolving the evolutional history of the Fungi ( DEB-0732503 to RWR) and NSF collaborative research: the zygomycetes genealogy of life (ZyGoLife)—the conundrum of kingdom Fungi ( DEB-1441728 to RWR). We thank Ms Jacyln Dee for kindly reviewing this manuscript and providing valuable suggestions.