In vitro models to evaluate the capacity of different sequestering agents to adsorb aflatoxins

Figures & data

Table 1 Elementary composition and total ash content (mean ± SD) of the tested adsorbents.

Adsorbents					Elements (%)					Total ash
	C	O	Al	Si	Na	Mg	K	Ca	Fe	%
Activated carbon	89.2±0.82	11.1±0.67	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	0.2±0.03	nd	2.7±0.2
Magnesium bentonite	3.5±0.67	51.7±0.56	1.7±0.12	21.9±0.46	1.3±0.02	14.8±0.21	0.4±0.02	0.5±0.04	0.8±0.11	94.3±0.8
Sodium bentonite	3.2±0.62	52.7±0.23	11.6±0.12	29.5±0.43	3.2±0.02	1.5±0.06	0.2±0.01	0.6±0.03	2.3±0.08	90.9±1.2
Calcium bentonite	9.6±0.23	51.6±0.32	6.1±0.11	16.5±0.48	0.9±0.9	1.3±0.06	1.5±0.12	8.3±0.16	3.7±0.19	93.3±0.6
Clinoptinolite	2.2±0.20	51.5±0.13	6.7±0.32	30.1±0.22	1.4±0.06	2.1±0.12	0.9±0.14	1.6±0.02	1.8±0.04	99.8±0.2
Kaolinite	0.9±0.24	56.0±0.87	17.2±0.15	22.0±0.33	nd	0.3±0.01	1.3±0.11	0.1±0.04	0.4±0.06	90.1±1.1
Yeast cell wall-based	63.4±1.41	33.9±0.15	nd	nd	0.1±0.01	0.2±0.01	0.9±0.11	1.3±0.76	nd	8.1±0.6
Zeolite	2.6±0.17	57.0±0.28	13.8±0.55	14.7±0.89	11.7±0.28	0.2±0.01	0.3±0.02	0.1±0.03	0.2±0.02	99.8±0.2

nd: not detectable (under the LOD).

Table 2 Aflatoxin B₁ (AfB₁) and aflatoxin G₁ (AfG₁) recovered in supernatants, in rumen pellet and as total in water, simulating gastro-intestinal monogastric model and ruminant total tract model methods in control samples.

		In vitro models
	Water (W)	Gastro-intestinal (MM)		Ruminant total tract (RM)
			Supernatant	Rumen pellet	Total
AfB1	92.3 (3.25)	89.5 (1.70)	36.6 (0.18)	28.6 (0.46)	65.2 (0.40)
AfG1	104.9 (4.06)	101.5 (4.89)	55.6 (0.37)	26.3 (0.18)	81.9 (0.54)

Standard error is in brackets.

Figure 1 Data represent the sequestered AfB₁ from each adsorbent (SA) in the three methods: water (W), gastro-intestinal (MM) and ruminant model (RM), respectively (P of the model <0.001; SEM= 5.771).

Table 3 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of sequestering agents, method and first order interaction effects on the AfB₁ and AfG₁ sequestering efficiency data.

Source	Degrees of freedom	AfB1 (P value)	AfG1 (P value)
Sequestering agents (SA)	7	<0.001	<0.001
Method (M)	2	<0.001	<0.001
SA × M interaction	14	<0.001	<0.001
Mean square error	24	63.98	56.60
SA × M interaction sliced by SA
Activated carbon	2	0.996	0.996
Mg bentonite	2	0.515	0.703
Na bentonite	2	0.683	0.657
Ca bentonite	2	<0.001	<0.001
Clinoptinolite	2	0.004	0.004
Kaolinite	2	<0.001	<0.001
Yeast cell wall-derived	2	<0.001	<0.001
Zeolite	2	<0.001	<0.001

Figure 2 Data represent the sequestered AfG₁ from each adsorbent (SA) in the three methods: water (W), gastro-intestinal (MM) and ruminant model (RM), respectively (P of the model <0.001; SEM= 5.320).