Influence of palm fatty acid distillate on rumen degradability and protozoa population in buffaloes

Figures & data

Table 1 Composition and chemical analysis of experimental diets (% DM) with different amount of palm fatty acid distilled added in the rumen.

	Palm fatty acid distilled added in the rumen, g/d
Feedstuffs	0	200	420	500
Bermudagrass hay	74.98	72.60	69.69	68.02
Ground grain corn	16.62	16.92	17.37	17.92
Soybean meal	8.40	8.56	8.79	9.06
Palm fatty acid destilled	0.00	1.92	4.15	4.99
Nutrients
Crude protein	10.77	10.72	10.69	10.77
Neutral detergent fibre	63.21	61.38	59.17	57.89
Total nutrient digestible^*	60.26	62.75	65.68	67.07
Ether extract	2.57	4.44	6.71	7.52

* Estimated for buffalo according to Kearl (1982).

Table 2 In situ disappearance of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein of bermudagrass and brachiariagrass in buffalo with different amount of palm fatty acid distilled added in the rumen.

	Time,° h	Bermudgrass				Brachiariagrass
	PFAD added in the rumen, g/d				PFAD added in the rumen, g/d
	0	200	420	500	0	200	420	500
Dry matter
	6	28.58	26.26	28.98	26.61	21.58	22.15	22.09	22.23
	12	36.47	33.59	35.71	32.24	28.76	26.50	29.33	26.95
	24	51.43^a	45.45^b	45.12^b	40.62^b	46.48	42.48	38.73	37.06
	48	59.39^a	57.14^a	52.18^b	49.59^b	58.55^a	57.44^a	47.27^b	48.13^b
	72	62.06^a	61.67^a	54.58^b	50.95^b	63.96^a	63.51^a	54.95^b	54.60^b
	96	64.11^a	64.04^a	56.38^b	54.08^b	67.00^a	67.29^a	56.78^b	53.89^b
Neutral detergent fibre
	6	17.50	14.36	18.89	14.24	10.53	12.52	12.00	11.40
	12	27.24	23.08	26.88	21.80	18.78	15.60	19.27	15.67
	24	45.36^a	37.45^b	37.57^b	32.49^b	39.96	34.74	31.16	27.61
	48	54.44^a	51.71^a	46.24^b	42.79^b	53.78^a	52.67^a	40.84^b	41.31^b
	72	57.44^a	56.83^a	49.33^b	44.64^b	60.07^a	59.95^a	50.23^b	50.38^b
	96	59.76^a	59.36^a	51.14^b	49.05^b	63.05^a	63.82^a	52.97^b	49.73^b
Crude protein
	6	30.31	27.71	28.93	32.81	26.55	25.03	28.74	33.71
	12	31.60	29.28	36.86	35.61	32.32	32.23	29.88	34.47
	24	55.58^a	47.22^b	50.90^ab	45.85^b	31.21	32.98	28.71	31.01
	48	66.38^a	66.16^ab	59.26^ab	56.54^b	39.28	42.72	37.33	35.94
	72	70.33^a	69.25^ab	61.34^b	67.05^ab	46.60	49.05	44.06	39.05
	96	70.48^ab	72.01^a	64.54^b	66.29^ab	47.68^ab	49.07^a	43.05^ab	37.30^b

° Time of incubation in the rumen, h;

ab different letters in the same row in the same grass are different (P<0.05).

Table 3 Kinetics of in situ degradability of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein of bermudagrass and brachiariagrass in buffalo with different amount of palm fatty acid distilled added in the rumen.

Time,° h	Bermudgrass				Brachiariagrass
	PFAD added in the rumen, g/d				PFAD added in the rumen, g/d
0	200	420	500	0	200	420	500
Dry matter
	a, %	10.79^b	16.90^ab	19.37^a	18.50^a	9.97^ab	11.44^ab	8.84^b	13.43^a
	b, %	52.35^a	50.56^a	36.92^b	36.91^b	58.45^b	61.61^a	50.07^c	44.52^d
	c, %/h	5.83^a	3.09^c	4.86^ab	4.00^bc	3.66	2.67	4.34	3.35
	PD, %	63.14^b	67.46^a	56.29^c	55.41^c	68.42^a	73.05^a	58.91^b	57.95^b
	ED0.02,%	49.71^a	47.42^ab	45.47^bc	42.73^c	47.67^a	46.30^a	42.59^ab	40.28^b
Neutral detergent fibre
	a, %	-5.33	0.29	6.22	4.84	-5.33^b	-3.24^b	0.25^ab	3.65^a
	b, %	63.70^a	61.40^a	44.99^b	45.12^b	69.93^a	72.64^a	55.18^b	56.75^b
	c, %/h	6.11^a	4.19^ab	4.92^ab	3.45^b	3.94	3.18	3.61	2.59
	PD, %	58.36^a	61.69^a	51.21^b	49.96^b	64.60^ab	69.40^a	55.43^c	60.40^bc
	ED0.02,%	42.53^a	40.61^a	38.18^a	33.41^b	40.99^a	40.17^ab	35.25^bc	32.49^c
Crude protein
	a, %	12.48^b	12.90^ab	15.02^ab	24.93^a	25.45^b	26.60^ab	22.38^b	35.15^a
	b, %	59.93	64.89	50.31	50.60	44.47	31.84	36.39	23.40
	c, %/h	4.56^ab	3.37^ab	5.87^a	2.70^b	0.97	11.20	1.25	0.55
	PD, %	75.52^ab	77.79^a	65.32^b	75.52^ab	69.92	58.44	58.78	58.55
	ED0.02,%	49.72^a	47.42^ab	45.66^bc	42.73^c	38.05	48.99	36.34	40.22

a, soluble fraction; b, insoluble potentially degradable fraction; c, degradation rate; PD, potential degradability; ED0.02, effective degradability for turnover rate of 0.02/h.

abcd different letters in the same row in the same grass are different (P<0.05).

Table 4 Number and composition of rumen protozoa population in buffalo with different amount of palm fatty acid distilled added in the rumen.

	Palm fatty acid distilled added in the rumen, g/d
	0	200	420	500
Number, ×10^5/mL ruminal content
Entodinium	1.92^a	1.85^a	0.76^b	0.56^b
Diplodiniinae	0.86^a	0.71^a	0.08^b	0.006^b
Epidinium	0.012	0.024	0.0	0.0
Holotricha	0.036	0.038	0.0	0.0
Total	2.82^a	2.62^a	0.84^b	0.57^b
Composition
Entodinium, %	68.03^b	72.73^b	92.83^a	99.64^a
Diplodiniinae, %	30.38^a	24.01^a	7.17^b	0.36^b
Epidinium, %	0.46	0.75	0.0	0.0
Holotrich, %	1.12	2.51	0.0	0.0

a,b Different letters in the same row in the same grass and are different (P<0.05).

Kearl L.C. 1982 Nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries International Feedstuffs Inst Logan, Ut, USA

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