Effects of the Essential Oil Blend CRINA^® Poultry in Feed on Broiler Performance and Gut Microbiology

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of the experimental diets.

	Starter			Finisher
1 & 2	3^°	4^°	1 & 2	3^°	4^°
Ingredients, %
Yellow corn	56.00	55.99	55.99	57.75	57.74	64.12
Soybean meal	36.10	36.10	36.10	34.0	34.0	34.0
Palm oil	3.80	3.80	3.80	4.80	4.80	4.80
DCRP	2.30	2.30	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.0
Ground limestone	0.72	0.72	0.72	0.64	0.64	0.64
Choline chloride	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.05	0.05	0.05
DL-methionine	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.16	0.16	0.16
L-lysine	0.15	0.15	0.15	-	-	-
Salt	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Vitamin premix^#	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Trace mineral mix^§	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Enramycin	-	0.01	-	0.00	0.01	0.00
CRINA Poultry	-	-	0.01	-	-	0.01
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100
Calculated analysis
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	3000	3000	3000	3100	3100	3100
Crude protein, %	22.0	22.0	22.0	21.0	21.0	21.0
Non phytate P, %	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.40	0.40	0.40
Calcium, %	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9
Lysine, %	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.1	1.1	1.1
Methionine, %	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.47	0.47	0.47

°Diet 3 had 0.01% enramycin, diet 4 had 0.01% CRINA Poultry on the expense of corn during starter and finisher.

^#Vitamin mix is supplied in the following per kg of diet: retinyl acetate, 3.41 mg; cholecalciferol, 0.07 mg; DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, 27.5 mg; menadione sodium bisulphate, 6 mg; riboflavin, 7.7 mg; niacin, 44 mg; pantothenic acid, 11 mg, cyanocobalamin, 0.02; choline 496 mg; folic acid, 1.32 mg; pyridoxine HCl, 4.82 mg; thiamine mononitrate, 2.16 mg; D-biotin, 0.11 mg.

^§Mineral-mix is supplied in the following per kg of diet: manganese, 67 mg; zinc, 54 mg; copper, 2 mg; iodine, 0.5 mg; iron, 75 mg; selenium, 0.2 mg.

Table 2. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens given experimental diets at different ages.

	Treatment				SEM	P
	T1	T2	T3	T4
Performance at 16 d
BWG, g	479.2	481.2	515.2	486.2	±14.0	ns
FI, g	638.0	645.6	652.6	631.0	±20.8	ns
FCR, g:g	1.333	1.342	1.267	1.300	±0.03	ns
Performance at 30 d
BWG, g	886.3	832.1	869.5	880.4	±26.7	ns
FI, g	1489.6	1468.9	1432.5	1464.6	±36.4	ns
FCR, g:g	1.718	1.770	1.656	1.666	±0.04	ns
Cumulative
BWG, g	1345.3	1313.3	1384.6	1366.5	±34.5	ns
FI, g	2127.4	2114.5	2084.8	2095.8	±36.1	ns
FCR, g:g	1.583	1.611	1.511	1.535	±0.03	ns
Livability, %	100.0	92.0	92.0	92.0	±6.939	ns

BWG, body weight gain; FI, feed intake; FCR, feed conversion ratio. ns, not significant.

Table 3. Effect of different treatments on relative weight of different body sections at 30 days of age.

	Treatment				SEM	P
	T1	T2	T3	T4
Dressed yield, %	60.9	60.7	62.1	58.9	±1.38	ns
Breast^°, %	35.6	35.2	34.2	34.3	±0.56	ns
Leg quarter^°, %	40.4	40.3	40.2	41.2	±0.61	ns
Abdominal fat, %	1.05	0.80	1.26	1.14	±0.20	ns
Liver, g/100 g	0.31	0.24	0.28	0.31	±0.02	ns

°Breast and leg quarter were expressed as percentage of the carcass weight. ns, not significant.

Table 4. Intestinal morphology and histology of broilers at 16 days of age.

	Treatment	SEM	P
	T1	T2	T3	T4
Intestine length, cm	129.7	132.0	127.0	130.3	±7.20	ns
Duodenum length, %	19.5^a	17.4^b	16.8^bc	15.9^c	±0.44	^**
Jejunum length, %	47.8^a	41.6^b	41.5^b	39.9^b	±0.71	^***
Ileum length, %	32.7^c	41.1^b	41.7^ab	44.3^a	±0.86	^***
Intestine weight, g/cm	0.28	0.21	0.27	0.24	±0.02	ns
IRW, g/100g BW	7.4	7.6	7.2	8.0	±0.74	ns
Ileal villus height^°, µm	4509^a	4296^ab	380^4b	4378^a	±155.7	^*
Ileal villus width^°;, µm	693	766	653	879	±59.9	ns

IRW, intestine relative weight; BW, body weight.

°Measurements of height and width were based on at least 5 well-oriented villi per ileum per broiler for a total of 5 birds per treatment.

^a,b,cMeans in the row with different superscripts differ significantly (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001). ns, not significant.

Table 5. Intestinal morphology and histology of broilers at 30 days of age.

	Treatment				SEM	P
	T1	T2	T3	T4
Intestine length, cm	152.0	178.0	176.2	174.3	±6.60	ns
Duodenum length, %	15.7^ab	16.6^a	14.8^bc	16.6^a	±0.37	^*
Jejunum length, %	52.1	41.8	43.2	41.7	±4.18	ns
Ileum length, %	32.2	41.7	42.1	41.7	±4.19	ns
Intestine weight, g/cm	0.36	0.44	0.49	0.49	±0.03	ns
IRW, g/100g BW	4.7	5.7	5.5	6.4	±0.35	ns
Villus height^°, µm
Duodenum	8964	8315	8480	10068	±445	ns
Jejunum	7208	8449	9467	9659	±597	ns
Ileum	5869^bc	6643^ab	4692^c	7664^a	±515	^*
Villus width^°, µm
Duodenum	1245^b	1298^b	1647^a	1316^b	±139	^*
Jejunum	1109	938	1088	1245	±81	ns
Ileum	843	882	851	736	±108	ns

IRW, intestine relative weight; BW, body weight.

°Measurements of height and width were based on at least 5 well-oriented villi per ileum per broiler for a total of 5 birds per treatment.

^abcMeans in the row with different superscripts differ significantly (*P<0.05). ns, not significant.

Table 6. Ileal bacterial count in broilers at 16 and 30 days of age (mean, log₁₀ CFU/g).

	Treatment				SEM	P
	T1	T2	T3	T4
Starter
C. Perfringens	4.2	3.9	4.3	4.8	±0.20	ns
Gram negative bacilli	3.8	4.3	4.3	3.8	±0.28	ns
Finisher					ns
C. Perfringens	4.7	5.8	4.8	3.4	±0.91	ns
Gram negative bacilli	4.8	4.7	5.0	5.0	±0.18	ns