Impact of Different Monochromatic LED Light Colours and Bird Age on the Behavioural Output and Fear Response in Ducks

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of light emitting diode light colour on tonic immobility (TI) (fear response) of ducks.

Table 1. Effect of light emitting diode light colour and age on morning duck behaviour.

	Behaviour
	Feeding, min/h	Drinking, min/h	Sitting, min/h	Walking, min/h	Standing, min/h	Preening, min/h	Wing flapping, min/h	Stretching, min/h
Light
G	7.14	10.23	12.78^a	3.42^b	5.61^ab	7.33^b	0.81	1.55
B	5.90	10.13	13.29^a	3.15^b	6.80^a	10.11^a	0.88	1.75
W	6.21	11.17	11.49^a	3.87^b	4.34^bc	8.01^b	0.91	1.05
Y	7.35	11.59	9.52^b	5.05^a	4.14^c	4.26^c	0.94	0.85
Age, weeks
1	4.72^c	8.79^b	9.82^b	4.49^ab	4.16^b	8.56^ab	0.92	1.64
2	4.56^c	9.79^b	12.46^ab	4.30^ab	4.61^b	9.78^a	1.10	1.83
3	5.84^bc	10.07^ab	10.94^b	4.98^a	5.58^ab	7.71^b	0.93	1.65
4	7.13^ab	11.76^a	12.36^ab	3.31^bc	5.36^ab	5.75^c	0.71	1.0
5	6.38^b	11.70^a	12.73^a	3.28^bc	5.40^ab	8.32^ab	0.88	1.14
6	7.97^a	10.40^ab	13.31^a	2.86^c	6.21^a	7.44^bc	0.77	1.13
SEM	0.31	0.37	0.38	0.22	0.30	0.52	0.05	0.11
Test statistics
Light
F3,36	6.23	1.57	17.10	5.68	7.12	6.77	0.24	1.97
Age
F5,54	34.40	4.22	2.31	3.76	1.65	1.54	0.97	1.23
Light × age
F15,135	1.73	1.14	2.69	0.83	1.78	0.54	0.72	0.60
Treatment interaction effect (P>F)
Light	0.0657	0.1726	<0.0001	0.004	0.0014	0.0018	0.8703	0.1473
Age	<0.0001	0.0068	0.0356	0.0118	0.0454	0.004	0.4539	0.3301
Light × age	0.1120	0.3728	0.0150	0.5595	0.1002	0.12	0.7418	0.8463

G, green; B, blue; W, white; Y, yellow. Two pens of 10 ducks for each mean. The statistical comparisons are related to the effects of light colour (G vs B vs W vs Y), bird age (1 vs 2 vs 3 vs 4 vs 5 vs 6 weeks), and the interaction between colour and bird age.

^a,b,cMean values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05).

Table 2. Effect of light emitting diode light colour and age on afternoon behaviour of ducks.

	Behaviour
	Feeding, min/h	Drinking, min/h	Sitting, min/h	Walking, min/h	Standing, min/h	Preening, min/h	Wing flapping, min/h	Stretching, min/h
Light
G	7.73^a	13.07^a	13.75^b	3.24^c	6.25^a	5.97^b	0.66	0.80^b
B	6.12^b	11.89^b	15.11^a	2.87^c	6.74^a	7.83^a	0.53	1.17^a
W	6.67^ab	13.09^a	12.68^c	3.76^b	4.87^b	4.86^b	0.81	0.82^b
Y	6.80^ab	13.22^a	12.61^c	4.56^a	3.09^c	4.81^b	0.80	0.83^b
Age, weeks
1	4.85^c	10.92^c	12.85^c	4.96^a	4.28^b	6.45^b	0.59	1.10
2	5.81^c	11.75^bc	12.34^c	4.70^a	5.48^a	9.05^a	0.69	0.98
3	6.71^b	12.73^b	13.18^bc	3.74^b	5.38^a	6.22^b	0.75	0.95
4	7.56^b	13.28^ab	13.64^abc	3.02^c	5.31^a	5.38^bc	0.66	1.29
5	8.04^b	14.13^a	14.30^ab	2.71^c	5.35^a	4.32^c	0.65	0.78
6	9.53^a	14. 50^a	14.94^a	2.26^c	5.65^a	3.60^c	0.83	0.85
SEM	0.29	0.31	0.26	0.20	0.25	0.43	0.04	0.11
Test statistics
Light
F3,36	26.98	3.98	10.64	12.49	44.79	11.08	2.14	8.29
Age
F5,54	38.57	11.81	4.76	22.45	2.67	13.75	0.58	1.57
Light × age
F15, 135	1.42	1.70	1.34	0.92	1.67	1.51	0.81	2.42
Treatment interaction effect (P>F)
Light	0.0160	0.0196	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	0.1222	0.0006
Age	<.0001	<.0001	0.0037	<.0001	0.0469	<.0001	0.7177	0.2092
Light × age	0.9625	0.1193	0.2554	0.5581	0.1266	0.1794	0.6526	0.0241

G, green; B, blue; W, white; Y, yellow. Two pens of 10 ducks for each mean. The statistical comparisons are related to the effects of light colour (G vs B vs W vs Y), bird age (1 vs 2 vs 3 vs 4 vs 5 vs 6 weeks), and the interaction between colour and bird age.

^a,b,cMean values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05).

Table 3. Effect of light emitting diode light colour and age on morning behaviour in ducks.

	Behaviour
	Tail wagging, mon/h	Head shaking, mon/h	Body shaking, mon/h	Ground pecking, mon/h	Peck object, mon/h	Social interaction, mon/h
Light
G	0.86	0.79	0.93	5.15^a	2.91^a	1.01^b
B	0.93	0.68	0.83	2.27^c	1.44^c	0.78^c
W	0.95	0.96	1.03	3.78^b	1.80^c	1.11^b
Y	0.99	1.06	1.42	4.72^a	2.27^b	1.38^a
Age, weeks
1	1.07	1.0	1.21	4.29	2.56^a	1.20^a
2	0.89	0.90	1.19	4.42	2.39^a	1.28^a
3	0.99	0.89	0.99	3.88	2.24^a	1.07^ab
4	0.96	0.96	0.94	4.19	2.25^a	1.09^ab
5	0.73	0.80	0.92	3.29	1.52^b	0.89^b
6	0.94	0.69	1.04	3.85	1.66^b	0.87^b
SEM	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.21	0.12	0.05
Test statistics
Light
F3,36	0.22	2.76	2.47	22.31	22.25	11.86
Age
F5,54	0.68	0.80	0.67	1.53	6.34	3.57
Light × age
F15, 135	2.40	0.69	0.69	1.12	1.84	1.36
Treatment interaction effect (P>F)
Light	0.8793	0.0643	0.0865	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Age	0.6399	0.5584	0.6496	0.2183	0.0007	0.0148
Light × age	0.0270	0.7713	0.7700	0.3888	0.0885	0.2431

G, green; B, blue; W, white; Y, yellow. Two pens of 10 ducks for each mean. The statistical comparisons are related to the effects of light colour (G vs B vs W vs Y), bird age (1 vs 2 vs 3 vs 4 vs 5 vs 6 weeks), and the interaction between colour and bird age.

^a,b,cMean values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05).

Table 4. Effect of light emitting diode light colour and age on afternoon behaviour of ducks.

	Behaviour
	Tail wagging, min/h	Head shaking, min/h	Body shaking, min/h	Ground pecking, min/h	Peck object, min/h	Social interaction, min/h
Light
G	0.85	0.78	0.83	3.01^b	1.66	0.82
B	0.73	0.63	0.97	2.55^b	1.25	0.80
W	0.89	0.95	1.04	2.56^b	1.84	0.87
Y	0.80	0.77	1.13	4.73^a	1.72	0.97
Age, weeks
1	1.05	0.84	1.03	4.67^a	1.60	0.71
2	0.67	0.58	0.55	1.52^c	1.33	0.99
3	0.48	0.55	0.63	2.70^bc	1.58	0.81
4	1.16	0.78	0.95	3.75^ab	1.59	0.81
5	0.70	0.79	0.95	3.00^bc	1.39	0.83
6	0.84	1.16	1.82	3.63^ab	2.23	1.03
SEM	0.09	0.08	0.13	0.31	0.14	0.06
Test statistics
Light
F3,36	0.15	1.02	0.24	5.99	1.61	1.40
Age
F5,54	1.36	1.96	2.12	4.28	1.67	2.21
Light × age
F15, 135	1.25	1.98	1.29	2.41	3.67	3.07
Treatment interaction effect (P>F)
Light	0.9264	0.4032	0.8675	0.0034	0.2143	0.2672
Age	0.2731	0.1209	0.0991	0.0063	0.1813	0.0877
Light × age	0.3068	0.0655	0.2853	0.0264	0.0823	0.0021

G, green; B, blue; W, white; Y, yellow. Two pens of 10 ducks for each mean. The statistical comparisons are related to the effects of light colour (G vs B vs W vs Y), bird age (1 vs 2 vs 3 vs 4 vs 5 vs 6 weeks), and the interaction between colour and bird age.

^a,b,cMean values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05).