Brazilian Sport Horse: Pedigree Analysis of the Brasileiro de Hipismo Breed

Figures & data

Figure 1. Registered Brasileiro de Hipismo horses per year from breed formation until June 2011.

Figure 2. Pedigree completeness per generation of the whole data bank (DATA BANK), Brasileiro de Hipismo population born until 1995 (PREVIOUS), and Brasileiro de Hipismo animals born in the last 15 years (15YEARS).

Figure 3. Mean annual inbreeding of registered Brasileiro de Hipismo horses.

Figure 4. Proportional reproduction of stallions from Brasileiro de Hipismo, Thoroughbred, and other allowed breeds based on the birth date of Brasileiro de Hipismo foals.

Figure 5. Proportional reproduction of mares from Brasileiro de Hipismo, Thoroughbred, other allowed breeds, and Base mares based on the birth date of Brasileiro de Hipismo foals.

Table 1. Classification of studs, considering their contribution with stallions to the population.

Type	Buy-in stallion/semen	Use own stallion	Sell stallion	Herd, n	Foreign stallion/semen, %
Nucleus	No	Yes	Yes	0	0
Multiplier that uses own stallion	Yes	Yes	Yes	59	0.88
Multiplier	Yes	No	Yes	341	1
Commercial that uses own stallion	Yes	Yes	No	11	0.93
Commercial	Yes	No	No	383	1
Isolated	No	Yes	No	0	0
Total				794

Table 2. Generation intervals and mean age of parent at birth of their offspring for Brasileiro de Hipismo subpopulation born in the last 15 years.

	Number	Interval, years	MSE
Generation interval
Father-son	79	12.30 (±6.01)	0.68
Father-daugther	954	12.30 (±5.62)	0.63
Mother-son	81	8.50 (±4.15)	0.47
Mother-daugther	954	10.18 (±4.55)	0.51
Int_total	2068	10.82 (±5.08)	0.57
Mean age
Father-son	3952	12.53 (±5.81)	0.09
Father-daugther	4423	12.60 (±5.92)	0.09
Mother-son	3937	10.50 (±4.71)	0.07
Mother-daugther	4401	10.46 (±4.70)	0.07
Total	16,713	11.52 (±5.29)	0.08

MSE, mean square error.

Table 3. Population genetic parameters estimated for the Brasileiro de Hipismo population until 1995 and for animals born in the last 15 years.

Parameter	PREVIOUS	15YEARS
Animals in BH, n	10.588	8.353
Ancestors contributing to BH, n	3.316	1.736
fe for BH	466	222
fa for BH	274	129
fg for BH	224.77	81.07
Ancestors explaining 50% of genetic variation, n	126	61
Pedigree completeness in the first parental generation (parents), %	99.8	99.99
Pedigree completeness in the second parental generation (grandparents), %	78.6	98.3
Pedigree completeness in the third parental generation (grand grandparents), %	28.1	69.9

PREVIOUS, animals born until 1995; 15YEARS, animals born in the last 15 years; BH, Brasileiro de Hipismo as the reference population; fe, effective number of founders; fa, effective number of ancestors; fg, founder genome equivalents.

Table 4. Measures of inbreeding for all horses in data bank and for those born in the last 15 years.

Parameter	Data bank	15YEARS
Expected inbreeding by unbalancing of founders contribution, %	0.05	-
Computed mean inbreeding, %	0.24	0.60
Maximum computed inbreeding, %	32.81	27.0
Inbred animals (inbreeding >0.5%), n	1.977	1.444
Mean inbreeding for inbred animals, %	4.1	3.33

Data bank, all horses in the data bank; 15YEARS, animals born in the last 15 years.

Table 5. Increase in inbreeding per generation and effective population size estimated via mean: maximum, complete and equivalent generations.

	Mean generations, n	Increase in inbreeding per generation, %	Ne
Maximum	3.10	0.07	679.50
Complete	1.25	0.29	169.89
Equivalent	1.72	0.22	223.39

Ne, effective population size.

Table 6. Genetic contribution of founder breeds to total diversity of animals born in the last 15 years.

Herd	Genetic contribution to 15 YEARS, %	Individuals in the data bank, n
GERMAN	37.52	1958
NOTINFORMED	30.43	5970
BASE	7.18	4639
HOT	6.67	1554
FRENCH	5.69	329
BH	3.84	19,031
OTHER	3.58	343
DUTCH	2.85	298
BELGIAN	2.24	271
Total	100.00	34,393

15YEARS, animals born in the last 15 years; HOT, Thoroughbred, Arabians and their crosses; NOTINFORMED, animals with missing breed information; BASE, base mares; BH, Brasileiro de Hipismo; OTHER, 50 breeds from other origins. Studs were classified according to their geographical origin.

Table 7. Most used breeds as stallion and mare along with each proportion of total foaling of the last 15 years.

	Proportion, %		Proportion, %
Stallion breed		Mare breed
Holstein	26.82	BH	71.91
BH	23.12	Westphalia	5.44
Not specified	19.84	THB	2.95
Westphalia	10.06	Base	2.79
Hanoverian	4.86	SF	2.45
Norwegian Warmblood	3.13	Holstein	2.45
SF	2.63	Argentine Saddle Horse	2.18
Zanguersheide	2.31	Norwegian Warmblood	2.07
Anglo Arab	1.68	Hanoverian	1.93
THB	1.25	Belgian Warmblood	1.88
Other	4.30	Zanguersheide	1.21
		Other	2.73
Total	100	Total	100

BH, Brasileiro de Hipismo; SF, Selle Français; THB, Thoroughbred.

Table 8. Most influential ancestors to Brasileiro de Hipismo horses born in the last 15 years and their genetic contribution to 15YEARS and PREVIOUS subpopulations, sex and progeny of greater influence to the breed.

Ancestor	15 YEARS contribution, %	PREVIOUS contribution, %	Sex	Important progeny
LADYKILLER XX^°	0.0281	0.0079	Male	Landgraf I 65/SRB^#
LANDGRAF I 65/SRB^#	0.0206	0.0065	Male	Landritter 85/HOL^^
RANTZAU XX 759/SRB^#	0.0198	0.0041	Male	Cor de la Bryere 44/I.A^§
IBRAHIN /SFR^°	0.0144	0.0096	Male	Alme 53/SRB^#
RAMZES/PSI^°	0.0133	0.0055	Male	Raimond 121/SRB^#
GIRONDINE/SFR^°	0.0123	0.0069	Female	Alme 53/SRB^#
CALYPSO I^°	0.0097	0.0015	Male	Ribecka 16719/SRB;^#
				Radona 17206/SRB^#
GRAPHIT 970/SRB^#	0.0094	0.0020	Male	General I 12/I.A;^§
				Grannus 46/I.A^§
QUENOTTE 40/SRB^#	0.0092	0.0019	Female	Cor de la Bryere 44/I.A^§
ST.PR.ST.DUELA 1038/SRB^#	0.0084	0.0017	Female	Pilatus 13/I .A^§
PERSEUS 301/SRB^#	0.0084	0.0017	Male	Pilatus 13/I.A^§
PRECIPITATION^°	0.0083	0.0050	Male	Furioso XX^°
FURIOSO XX^°	0.0083	0.0044	Male	Furioso II; 12836/SRB^#
CAPITOL 15111/SRB^#	0.0081	0.0000	Male	Indoctro 79/I.A^§
RADONA 17206/SRB^#	0.0079	0.0015	Female	Landritter 85/HOL^^
VERONA 4817/SRB^#	0.0075	0.0067	Female	Furioso III 1/OLD
GRATIA 1244/SRB^#	0.0070	0.0016	Female	Pilot 2/I.A^§
COTTAGE SON/PSI^°	0.0069	0.0006	Male	Corporal;^°
				Valine/HOL^°
LUGANO I 367/SRB^#	0.0065	0.0076	Male	Lugano II 28/HAN
RAIMOND 121/SRB^#	0.0065	0.0025	Male	Ramiro 807/SRB^#
Total	0.2204	0.0793

^°Animals added to the data bank by the authors

^#animals present in the original data bank as parents

^§animals that contributed via imported semen

^{^}imported animals.