Effects of Dietary Administration of Chlorella on the Immune Status of Gibel Carp, Carassius Auratus Gibelio

Figures & data

Figure 1. Weight gain of gibel carp fed with different Chlorella content diets. All data were from three replicated experiments and expressed as mean±standard error. Means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (P>0.05) with Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 2. Effect of dietary Chlorella on the level of immunoglobulin M in the blood, liver and kidney of gibel carp. All data were from three replicated experiments and expressed as mean±standard error. Within a column, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (P>0.05) with Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 3. Effect of dietary Chlorella on the level of immunoglobulin D in the blood, liver and kidney of gibel carp. Within a column, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (P>0.05) with Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 4. Effect of dietary Chlorella on the level of interleukin-22 in the blood, liver and kidney of gibel carp. All data were from three replicated experiments and expressed as mean±standard error. Within a column, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (P>0.05) with Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 5. Effect of dietary Chlorella on the level of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 in the blood, liver and kidney of gibel carp. All the data were from three replicated experiments and expressed as mean±standard error. Within a column, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (P>0.05) with Duncan’s multiple range test.

Table 1. Main ingredients and proximate composition of the experimental diets (air-dry basis).

	C	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5
Ingredients, %
Fish meal	10	10	10	10	10	10
Soybean meal	23	23	23	23	23	23
Rapeseed meal	16	16	16	16	16	16
Peanut meal	6	6	6	6	6	6
Cottonseed meal	7	7	7	7	7	7
Corn starch	16	15.6	15.2	14.8	14.4	14
Wheat middlings	12	12	12	12	12	12
Plant oil	4	4	4	4	4	4
Zeolite	1	1	1	1	1	1
Ca(H2PO4)2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Premix	3	3	3	3	3	3
Chlorella	0	0.4	0.8	1.2	1.6	2.0
Proximate composition, % DM
Crude protein	40.62	39.26	37.83	37.08	38.10	38.65
Crude lipid	6.91	6.60	7.52	7.88	7.24	7.34
Ash	27.07	27.96	29.19	29.41	28.92	26.92
Calcium	1.15	1.00	0.93	1.01	1.17	1.08
Total phosphorus	1.04	1.14	1.20	1.21	1.11	1.10

C, control diet containing no Chlorella; E1, experimental diet containing 0.4% Chlorella; E2, experimental diet containing 0.8% Chlorella; E3, experimental diet containing 1.2% Chlorella; E4, experimental diet containing 1.6% Chlorella; E5, experimental diet containing 2.0% Chlorella; DM, dry matter.