Effects of Different Levels of Hemp Seed (Cannabis Sativa L.) and Dextran Oligosaccharide on Growth Performance and Antibody Titer Response of Broiler Chickens

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of hemp seed.

Nutrient composition
ME, kcal/kg	4300
CP, g/kg	248
CF, g/kg	276
EE, g/kg	355
Ca, g/kg	1.5
P, g/kg	11.6
Lys, g/kg	10.3
Met, g/kg	5.8
Cys, g/kg	4.1
Arg, g/kg	31.0
Trp, g/kg	2.0
Typical fatty acid profiles, %
Palmitic acid	5
Stearic acid	2
Oleic acid	9
LA	56
ALA	22
GLA	4
PUFA	84
n6/n3 ratio	2.5

ME, metabolisable energy; CP, crude protein; CF, crude fibre; EE, ether extract; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; Lys, lysine; Met, methionine; Cys, cysteine; Arg, arginine; Trp, tryptophan; LA, linolenic acid; ALA, α-linolenic acid; GLA, γ-linolenic acid, PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Table 2. Feed ingredients and nutrient composition of basal diets for experimental broiler chicks.

	Starter, days 0 to 14	Grower, days 15 to 28	Finisher, days 29 to 42
Ingredient, g/kg
Corn^°	556	562	599
Soybean meal (43% CP)	356	337	310
Fish meal	20	20	0
Plant oil	29	48	54
Oyster shell	14	12	12
Na-bicarbonate	1	1	2
DCP	12	10	13
Salt	2	2	2
Met	2	2	2
Lys	3	1	1
Premix^#	5	5	5
Calculated composition
ME, MJ/kg	12.66	13.19	13.40
CP, %	22.00	21.00	19.000
CF, %	3.90	3.78	3.67
Ca, %	1.04	0.91	0.84
P, %	0.50	0.45	0.44
Met, %	0.55	0.54	0.50
Lys, %	1.45	1.24	1.07
Met+Cys, %	0.85	0.83	0.75

CP, crude protein; DCP, dicalcium phosphate; Met, methionine; Lys, lysine; ME, methionine; CF, crude fibre; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; Cys, cysteine.

°For dextran oligosaccharides (DOS) groups, DOS was substituted for equivalent amounts of corn.

^#Provided (per kilogram of diet): vitamin A, 400 U; vitamin D₃, 250 U; vitamin E, 30 mg; vitamin C, 30 mg; vitamin K₃, 13 mg; vitamin B₁, 10 mg; vitamin B₂, 16 mg; vitamin B₆, 12 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.1 mg; Ca pantothenate, 60 mg; folic acid, 0.2 mg; nicotinic acid, 83 mg; choline, 105 mg; Co, 0.4 mg; Cu, 3.7 mg; I, 0.5 mg; Mn, 86 mg; Mg, 108 mg; Zn, 62 mg; Fe, 42 mg; Ca, 11 mg; Na, 390 mg; Cl, 671 mg; K, 78 mg; Met, 45 mg.

Table 3. Effect of different levels of hemp seed and dextran oligosaccharide on feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion in broiler chickens from 1 to 42 day of age.

Treatments			ADFI, g			ADG, g			FCR, g/g
HS, g/kg	DOS, g/kg	1 to 21	22 to 42	1 to 42	1 to 21	22 to 42	1 to 42	1 to 21	22 to 42	1 to 42
0	0	39.3	138.0	88.7	25.5^a	69.1	47.3	1.54	2.01	1.88
25	0	35.0	129.9	82.4	20.9^d	60.3	40.6	1.68	2.17	2.04
50	0	36.3	131.3	83.8	20.9^d	70.6	45.7	1.77	1.87	184
75	0	38.6	140.7	89.7	24.1^abc	64.5	44.3	1.60	2.18	2.02
0	1	38.4	136.3	87.3	23.5^abcd	71.6	47.5	1.64	1.93	1.85
25	1	35.2	139.4	87.3	21.7^cd	69.7	45.7	1.62	2.00	1.91
50	1	36.0	138.6	87.3	22.6^bcd	70.1	46.3	1.60	1.98	1.89
75	1	38.4	141.1	89.8	25.3^a	78.5	51.9	1.5	1.81	1.73
SEM		0.88	13.50	2.21	0.82	2.08	1.23	0.03	0.03	0.02
Main effects
HS, g/kg
0		38.9^a	137.3	88.1	24.5^a	70.3	47.4^a	1.59	1.97	1.87
25		35.1^b	134.6	84.9	21.3^b	65.0	43.1^b	1.65	2.08	1.98
50		36.2^ab	135.0	85.6	21.7^b	70.3	46.0^ab	1.69	1.92	1.86
75		38.5^a	141.0	89.7	24.7^a	71.5	48.1^a	1.56	1.99	1.88
DOS, g/kg
0		37.3	135.0	86.2	22.8	66.1^b	44.5^b	1.65	2.06^a	1.94
1		37.0	138.9	88.0	23.2	72.5^a	47.9^a	1.60	1.92^b	1.85

ADFI, average daily feed intake; ADG, average daily gain; FCR, feed conversion ratio; HS, hemp seed; DOS, dextran oligosaccharide.

^a-dMean values within a column with no common superscript differ significantly from each other (P<0.05). Values represent 4 replicates of 12 birds per replicate for each of the 8 experiments.

Table 4. Effect of different levels of hemp seed and dextran oligosaccharide on serum cholesterol of broiler chickens (mg/dL).

Treatments		HDL	LDL	VLDL	Total cholesterol	TG
HS, g/kg	DOS, g/kg
0	0	81.0	81.3	7.9	170.2	39.4
25	0	82.7	79.1	7.6	169.5	38.0
50	0	84.7	74.0	7.4	166.2	37.2
75	0	85.5	66.9	7.1	159.5	35.6
0	1	84.0	80.2	7.6	171.7	37.8
25	1	84.2	78.0	7.3	169.7	37.3
50	1	85.2	75.7	8.3	168.0	36.4
75	1	85.2	69.8	7.1	162.2	35.9
SEM		0.22	0.75	0.06	0.73	0.29
Main effects
HS, g/kg
0		82.5^b	80.8^a	7.7^a	171.0^a	38.6^a
25		83.5^ab	78.6^a	7.6^ab	169.5^a	38.0^ab
50		84.7^ab	74.0^ab	7.4^ab	166.2^ab	37.2^ab
75		85.5^a	66.9^b	7.1^b	159.5^b	35.6^b
DOS, g/kg
0		83.5^b	75.4	7.5	166.4	37.6
1		84.7^a	75.9	7.4	167.9	36.9

HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; HS, hemp seed; DOS, dextran oligosaccharide.

^a,bMean values within a column with no common superscript differ significantly from each other (P<0.05). Each value represents the mean of 8 observations (four replicates×2 birds/replicate).

Table 5. Effect of different levels of hemp seed and dextran oligosaccharide on complete blood count of broiler chickens (g/dL).

Treatments		Lym	Mono	Eos	Baso	Het	Band	RBC	Hct	Hgb
HS, g/kg	DOS, g/kg
0	0	55.75	0.75	0.50	0.25	42.75	0.00	3.50	31.50	10.5
25	0	54.75	0.75	0.75	0.00	43.50	0.25	3.67	33.00	11.00
50	0	54.50	0.75	1.00	0.25	43.25	0.25	3.72	33.50	11.17
75	0	54.50	0.50	0.75	0.00	44.00	0.25	3.72	33.50	11.91
0	1	54.35	0.75	1.25	0.25	43.00	0.50	3.67	33.00	11.00
25	1	54.00	0.50	0.75	0.00	44.50	0.25	3.83	33.50	11.50
50	1	54.00	0.00	1.25	0.25	44.50	0.00	3.81	34.25	11.41
75	1	55.75	0.50	0.75	0.00	42.50	0.25	3.74	33.50	11.17
SEM		0.39	0.14	0.17	0.07	0.35	0.07	0.03	0.30	0.10
Main effects
HS, g/kg
0		55.00	0.75	0.87	0.25	42.87	0.25	3.58	32.25	10.75
25		54.37	0.62	0.75	0.00	44.00	0.25	3.75	33.75	11.25
50		54.25	0.37	1.12	0.25	43.87	0.13	3.76	33.87	11.29
75		55.12	0.50	0.75	0.12	43.25	0.25	3.73	33.50	11.04
DOS, g/kg
0		54.87	0.69	0.75	0.12	43.37	0.19	3.65	32.87	10.89
1		54.50	0.44	1.00	0.19	43.62	0.25	3.76	33.81	11.27

Lym, lymphocyte; Mono, monocyte; Eos, eosinophile; Baso, basophile; Het, heterophile; Band, band cell; RBC, red blood cell (*106/μL); Hct, hematocryt; Hgb, hemoglobin; HS, hemp seed; DOS, dextran oligosaccharide. Each value represents the mean of 8 observations (four replicates×2 birds/replicate).