Abstract
Aim: Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide derivatives are synthetic heterocyclic compounds with multiple biological and pharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity of five quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides derivatives in different animal cell lines. Materials & methods: Using in vitro cell cultures, we evaluated the influence of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, 2-methylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, 2-amino-3-cyanoquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, 3-methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide-1,4-dioxide and 2-hydroxyphenazine-N,N-dioxide (2HF) in the viability, migration and proliferation of nonmalignant (3T3-L1 and human dermal microvascular endothelial cell) and malignant (B16-F10, MeWo, GL-261 and BC3H1) cell lines. Results: The viability IC50 concentrations for each quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide derivative were calculated, and a concomitant reduction of migration and proliferation was observed mainly in malignant cell lines. Conclusion: 2HF exhibited potent anti-viability, anti-migration and anti-proliferative actions selectively in tumor cells, nevertheless more studies are required to further investigate 2HF promising biologic effects.
Supplementary data
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Acknowledgments
The authors are immensely grateful to Centre of Investigation in Chemistry (CIQ) of the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Portugal, for kindly providing the quinoxaline derivatives.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
This work was partially funded by FEDER – Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds by the operational program Factors of Competitivity – COMPETE, by NORTE2020 – Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012) and by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Ref UID/BIM/04293/2013). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.
Ethical conduct of research
The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.