Nitric Oxide for Cancer Therapy

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Activated macrophages liberation of nitric oxide resulted in cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of target cells.

These were the initial observation that led to the interest of nitric oxide in cancer biology.

cGMP: Cyclic GMP; CNG: Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; NO: Nitric oxide; PDE: Phosphodiesterase; PKA: Protein kinase A; PKG: Protein kinase G; sGC: Soluble guanylyl cyclase.

Adapted from [1].

Figure 2.  The concentration of nitric oxide determines its role in tumorogenesis.

At low concentration, NO causes tumor progression. At high concentrations of NO, anticancer activity is observed.

GC: Guanylyl cyclase; GMP: Guanosine monophosphate; HIF: Hypoxia inducing factor; NO: Nitric oxide.

Adapted from [5].

Figure 3.  Mechanisms of action that have been investigated leading to the anticancer properties of nitric oxide.

NO: Nitric oxide.

Figure 4.  JS-K has a wide array of antitumor properties.

Table 1.  Structure and half-life of diazeniumdiolates.

Name	Half-life	Structure
DEA/NO	2.0 min
PAPA/NO	15 min
PER/NO	10–90 min
PROLI/NO	2 s
MAHMA/NO	1 min
DETA/NO	20 h
JS-K	26 min

Table 2.  Nitric oxide drug-hybrids.

Name	Structure
NO-Aspirin
NO-indomethacin
NO-Ibuprofen
NO-Salicylic Acid
NO-Sulindac

NO: Nitric oxide

Huerta S , ChilkaS, BonavidaB. Nitric oxide donors: novel cancer therapeutics (review). Int. J. Oncol.33, 909–927 (2008).

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Ridnour LA , ThomasDD, SwitzerC, WinkDAet al. Molecular mechanisms for discrete nitric oxide levels in cancer. Nitric Oxide19, 73–76 (2008).

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