Diagnostic Value of Blood Thiamine Metabolites in Alzheimer’s Disease examined by ¹¹C-PiB PET Scanning

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Altered blood thiamine metabolites in Pittsburgh Compound-B-positive and -negative Alzheimer's disease patients clinically diagnosed.

(A) The representative images of ¹¹C-PiB PET in PiB-positive and -negative subjects are shown. (B) Blood TDP levels were significantly reduced in PiB-positive subjects (n = 33) as compared with that of PiB-negative subjects (n = 5) (p < 0.05). (C & D) The levels of blood TMP and thiamine were not significantly different between PiB-positive subjects and PiB-negative subjects (both p > 0.05).

PiB: Pittsburgh Compound-B; TDP:Thiamine diphosphate; TMP: Thiamine monophosphate.

Figure 2.  The diagnostic value of blood thiamine metabolites as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease examined by ¹¹C-Pittsburgh Compound-B-positive positron emission tomography.

(A) The sensitivity and specificity of blood TDP level for the differentiation of C-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB)-positive patients and PiB-negative patients demonstrated by ¹¹C-PiB positron emission tomography were 66.7% and 80.0% (p = 0.0685), respectively, when the cut-off point was set up to 99.48 nmol/l. (B) The sensitivity and specificity of γ-value for the differentiation of PiB-positive patients and PiB-negative patients demonstrated by ¹¹C-PiB PET were 24.2 and 100.0% (p = 0.5632), respectively, when the cut-off value of γ-value was set up to 75.97. The variable γ was calculated based on the following equation: γ = (1/TDP)*([TMP + 1]∘[-0.01])*([T + 1]∘[1/6])*Age∘2 published in our previous study [13].

PiB: Pittsburgh Compound-B; TDP: Thiamine diphosphate; TMP: Thiamine monophosphate.

Table 1. Demographic and clinical data of Alzheimer's disease subjects recruited in this study.

Name	Age	Sex	MMSE	ADL	CDR	^11C-PiB (negative/positive)	TDP	TMP	Thiamine	γ-value
Case 1	54	M	17	8	1	Negative	116.99	22.15	6.12	33.50
Case 2	63	M	20	8	1	Negative	86.48	17.29	2.90	55.94
Case 3	71	M	25	8	0.5	Negative	105.47	16.71	6.40	64.83
Case 4	80	M	17	11	1	Negative	149.35	9.86	1.62	49.11
Case 5	86	M	23	10	0.5	Negative	130.54	2.03	4.57	74.60
Case 6	48	M	17.5	11	0.5	Positive	103.29	3.99	1.79	26.05
Case 7	51	F	16	8	1	Positive	96.14	17.57	6.64	36.87
Case 8	51	F	23	9	1	Positive	90.05	8.82	4.59	37.61
Case 9	52	F	15	10	1	Positive	80.50	7.90	16.03	52.71
Case 10	54	F	11	8	1	Positive	49.48	37.08	0.00	56.83
Case 11	56	M	13	11	1	Positive	75.59	67.04	2.68	49.42
Case 12	57	M	17	9	1	Positive	142.92	11.07	3.50	28.49
Case 13	57	F	5	15	2	Positive	90.21	11.94	2.76	43.78
Case 14	58	M	22	9	0.5	Positive	80.55	8.82	1.33	47.01
Case 15	58	F	22	8	1	Positive	82.69	7.95	3.68	51.47
Case 16	61	M	11	14	2	Positive	106.09	15.19	2.12	41.23
Case 17	62	F	1	19	2	Positive	118.69	7.42	11.17	48.09
Case 18	62	F	12	14	2	Positive	70.93	9.53	0.95	59.17
Case 19	63	M	8	11	3	Positive	101.23	15.88	2.83	47.68
Case 20	64	M	9	21	3	Positive	65.93	2.75	0.53	65.80
Case 21	64	F	17	14	1	Positive	87.85	5.30	29.71	81.00
Case 22	66	M	17	9	1	Positive	95.95	4.08	4.05	58.50
Case 23	67	M	25	8	0.5	Positive	72.24	24.17	2.49	74.10
Case 24	68	F	24	8	0.5	Positive	123.44	22.90	3.91	47.30
Case 25	68	M	26	9	0.5	Positive	121.49	14.18	4.54	49.27
Case 26	69	M	21	10	1	Positive	92.25	5.29	20.09	84.22
Case 27	71	M	23	8	0.5	Positive	123.46	12.58	5.36	54.15
Case 28	73	F	22.5	8	0.5	Positive	69.66	10.01	3.63	96.43
Case 29	74	F	19	12	0.5	Positive	97.54	2.96	3.16	70.22
Case 30	74	F	12	10	1	Positive	81.20	19.76	14.57	103.38
Case 31	75	M	16	9	1	Positive	68.02	38.29	3.13	100.97
Case 32	77	M	17	8	0.5	Positive	98.02	8.52	2.11	71.43
Case 33	77	M	20	8	1	Positive	92.65	17.88	2.11	75.09
Case 34	81	F	15.5	13	1	Positive	107.89	7.07	2.08	71.84
Case 35	81	F	14	10	1	Positive	65.07	9.65	4.23	129.74
Case 36	82	M	25	8	0.5	Positive	111.82	31.73	4.27	76.61
Case 37	83	M	12	11	1	Positive	135.02	16.05	3.63	64.04
Case 38	84	F	9	11	2	Positive	86.63	18.33	4.22	104.15

The γ-value is calculated according to the equation: γ = (1/TDP)*([TMP + 1]∘[-0.01])*([T + 1]∘[1/6])*Age∘2 published in our recent study [13].

ADL: Activity of Daily Living; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating; MMSE: Mini-Mental Status Examination; PiB: Pittsburgh Compound-B; TDP: Thiamine diphosphate; TMP: Thiamine monophosphate.

Pan X, Fei G, Lu J et al. Measurement of blood thiamine metabolites for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. EbioMedicine 3, 155–162 (2016).

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