A Review On Zno-Based Electrical Biosensors for Cardiac Biomarker Detection

Figures & data

Figure 1.  General schematic of a biosensor.

Classified based on immobilized biological elements as enzyme, nucleic acid or affinity biosensors.

Figure 2.  A schematic representation of non-central symmetry in ZnO in its wurtzite structure highlighting the polar and nonpolar planes.

sp³ tetrahedral coordination in ZnO is also illustrated.

Figure 3.  Growth morphologies of ZnO nanostructures.

Adapted with permission from [29].

Figure 4.  Illustration of covalent functionalization of sensing platform with a cross-linker molecule.

Adapted with permission from [65].

Figure 5.  Illustration of charge and potential distribution at ZnO electrode/electrolyte interface.

Adapted with permission from [80].

Table 1.  A summary of the electrical biosensors based on ZnO for detection of cardiac biomarkers.

Cardiac biomarker	ZnO nanostructures type	Detection format	Detection range	Lower detection limit	Ref.
cTnT	Nanorods	Immunosensor	1 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml	100 fg/ml	[72]
cTnT	Nanorods	Immunosensor	1 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml	1 pg/ml	[74]
cTnI	Nanoparticles	Electrical	1 ng/ml to 10 μg/ml	2.19 ng/ml	[71]
cTnI	Nanoparticles	FET	1 ng/ml to 10 μg/ml	3.24 pg/ml	[72]
cTnT & cTnI	Nanorods	Immunosensor	100 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml	1 pg/ml	[73]

FET: xxx.

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