An estimate of the survival benefit of improving vitamin D status in the adult German population

Figures & data

Figure 1 Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with annual mortality rates according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartiles (median concentrations) of previously published data in adults.11,12

Table 1 Characteristics of the DEVID study cohort in comparison to different other large study cohorts

Parameter	DEVIDa	GNHIES study13b	LURIC study11b	NHANES III study12b
Individuals included	1,343	4,030	3,258	13,331
Age, yr	59	18–79c	64	45
Women, %	54	56	30	55
25(OH)D, nmol/l	41	45	43	63
PT H, pg/ml	45	30.0	29.3	No data
Serum phosphate, mg/dl	4.58	No data	3.5	No data
Diseases (%)
Hypertension, yes	62	45	73	25
Cardiovascular disease, yes	33	12	No data	8
Diabetes mellitus, yes	18	5	32	7
Insulin dependent diabetes yes	4	1	No data	No data
Non insulin dependent diabetes, yes	14	4	No data	No data
Medications (%)
ACE-Inhibitors, yes	15	No data	53	No data
Cholesterol lowering medications, yes	15	No data	47	3
Aspirin, yes	10	No data	72 No data
Anticoagulants, yes	8	No data	No data	No data
Supplements (%)
Calcium, yes	4	16	No data	No data
Vitamin D, yes	3	3	No data	27
Season of blood drawing	winter, spring	all seasons	all seasons	all seasons

According to the presentation in the original articles biochemical parameters in table are given as

a mean or

b median,

c range.

Table 2 Mortality in the adult german population (19) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects of the DEVID study

	25–45	45–65	65–75	75 and older	Total
German population
Number of subjects (×1,000)	22,897	22,022	11,316	5,203	61,438
Percent of adult population1	37	36	18	9	100
Number of deaths	20,763	113,336	167,711	508,408	821,627
Percent of age group	0.091	0.515	1.482	9.771	1.34
DEVID-study
Number of subjects	292	428	264	274	1 258
Percent of study cohort2	23	33	21	21	98
25(OH)D (nmol/l)	42 ± 22	42 ± 23	41 ± 20	35 ± 20	41 ± 22
25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/l (%)	22	24	20	38	25
25(OH)D levels 25–50 nmol/l (%)	50	49	55	47	50
25(OH)D levels 50–75 nmol/l (%)	20	17	19	11	17
25(OH)D levels >75 nmol/l (%)	8	10	6	4	7

1 based on subjects 25 years and older;

2 based on subjects 25 years and older.

Table 3 Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartile in the LURIC study11

	1^st quartile	2^nd quartile	3^rd quartile	4^th quartile
LURIC-study
25(OH)D (nmol/l)	<26.0	26.0–36.25	36.3–58.75	≥58.75
Deaths during follow-up, No. (%)	307 (36.9)	185 (23.1)	142 (17.6)	103 (12.8)
Unadjusted model	3.33	1.88	1.39	1.0
Multivariable adjusted model	2.08	1.53	1.24	1.0
Excess mortality per year, unadjusted model (%)	30.3	11.4	5.1	0
Excess mortality per year (adjusted model)	14.0	6.9	3.1	0
DEVID-study
Percent of study cohort2	28	25	30	18
Estimated number of deaths in the German Population
Estimated deaths per LURIC quartile, unadjusted model No.	382,599	192,524	174,169	72,845
Estimated lives saved according to the unadjusted model, No. (%)	115,928 (14.1)	21,948 (2.7)	8,883 (1.1)	0
Estimated deaths per LURIC quartile, adjusted model No.	314,705	206,328	204,606	95,933
Estimated lives saved according to multivariable model, No. (%)	44,059 (5.4)	14,237 (1.7)	6,343 (0.8)	0

¹based on subjects 25 years and older;

2 based on subjects 25 years and older.

Table 4 Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartile in the NHANES III study12

	1^st quartile	2^nd quartile	3^rd quartile	4^th quartile
NHANES-study
25(OH)D (nmol/l)	<44.5	44.5–60.75	60.8–80.25	≥80.25
Unadjusted model	1.78	1.52	1.26	1.0
Multivariable adjusted model	1.26	1.06	0.93	1.0
Excess mortality per year, unadjusted model (%)	9.0	6.0	3.0	0
Excess mortality per year (adjusted model)	3.0	0.69	−0.80	0
DEVID-study
Percent of study cohort2	68	16	9	6
Estimated number of deaths in the German Population
Estimated deaths per HNANES quartile, unadjusted model, No.	608,827	121,970	58,768	32,097
Estimated lives saved according to the unadjusted model, No. (%)	54,795 (6.7)	7,318 (0.9)	1,763 (0.2)	0
Estimated deaths per NHANES quartile, adjusted model, No.	598,638	118,150	60,252	44,614
Estimated lives saved according to multivariable model, No. (%)	17,959 (2.2)	815 (0.1)	−482 (−0.1)	0

¹based on subjects 25 years and older;

2 based on subjects 25 years and older.

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