Advanced glycation end products measured by skin autofluorescence in a population with central obesity

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics for individuals with and without central obesity

Characteristics	Central obesity n = 816	No central obesity n = 431	p value
Age (years)	45.8 ± 9.4	43.6 ± 10.0	< 0.001
Gender (female)	67.2%	62.9%	0.13
Waist circumference female (cm)	98.4 ± 8.8	82.0 ± 5.1	< 0.001
Waist circumference male (cm)	109.9 ± 6.7	96.0 ± 6.3	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	29.8 ± 3.9	24.8 ± 2.4	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	138.1 ± 17.0	129.0 ± 15.6	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	85.2 ± 9.2	80.4 ± 9.7	< 0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.5 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 0.7	< 0.001
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.5 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.4	< 0.001
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.1 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 0.9	< 0.01
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.0 ± 1.0	4.8 ± 0.6	< 0.001
Hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.8 (0.5)	1.7 (0.5)	< 0.001
Albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)	0.9 ± 2.5	0.7 ± 1.1	0.04
Creatinine clearance (mL/s)	2.6 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.5	< 0.001
Physical activity > 150 min/wk	55.3%	59.4%	0.16
Current tobacco smoking	20.1%	18.6%	0.51
Family history of diabetes	15.6%	11.8%	0.07
Current alcohol consumption none moderate excessive	25.8% 66.7% 7.5%	21.9% 72.7% 5.4%	0.08
Skin AF (AU)	1.86 ± 0.43	1.78 ± 0.40	< 0.01
Skin reflectance (%)	20.6 ± 7.1	18.6 ± 6.2	< 0.001

Normally distributed variables are expressed as mean ± SD. Not normally distributed variables are expressed as median (interquartile range). Nominal variables are expressed as percentages.

Table 2. Determinants of skin autofluorescence in multivariable linear regression analysis for individuals with and without central obesity

Characteristics	Central obesity n = 816		No central obesity n = 431
	R^2 29.4%		R^2 39.1%
	B	95% CI	B	95% CI
Age (years)	0.019	0.016; 0.023	0.023	0.020; 0.026
Waist circumference (cm)	0.005	0.001; 0.009
Hs-CRP (mg/L)	0.028	0.001; 0.055
Creatinine clearance (mL/s)	-0.001	-0.002; -0.000
Current tobacco smoking	0.201	0.137; 0.264	0.282	0.204; 0.359
Family history of diabetes			0.122	0.028; 0.215
Current alcohol consumption none moderate heavy	-0.093 -0.037	-0.152; -0.034 -0.144; 0.070	-0.094 -0.161	-0.168; -0.021 -0.309; -0.013