Influenza vaccination coverage and uptake predictors among Spanish adults suffering COPD

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution according to the characteristics of the study participants, with and without COPD, by selected variables. EHS 2009

Variable		Categories	COPD
			YES (n = 1309) %	NO (n = 14046) %
			(95% CI)	(95% CI)	P value
Socio-demographic variables and self-perceived health	Age [mean ± SD]	Years	[65.9 ± 0.5] (	[58.11 ± 0.1]	0.000
	Gender	Male	51.21 (47.92–54.48)	46.95 (45.94–47.95)	0.014
	Educational level	≤ 16 y	75.94 (72.83–78.79)	62.28 (61.29–63.26)	0.000
	Monthly income	≤ €1400	57.2 (53.63–60.69)	42.58 (41.5–43.67)	0.000
	Perceived health	Very good/good	27.7 (24.8–30.9)	62.4 (61.4–63.3)	0.000
		Fair,	38.4 (35.3–41.6)	26.0 (25.25–26.9)	0.000
		Poor,	23.6 (21.0–26.5)	8.7 (8.2–9.2)	0.000
		Very poor	10.3 (8.4–15.6)	2.9 (2.6–3.3)	0.000
,Llifestyle variables,	Tobacco use	Smoker	23.9 (21.02–27.03)	25.66 (24.75–26.58)	0.000
		Ex-smoker	34.12 (30.9–37.5)	24.9 (24.02–25.81)	0.000
		Non smoker	41.98 (38.67–45.38)	49.44 (48.42–50.47)	0.000
	Obesity	Yes	29.17 (26.09–32.47)	19.58 (18.76–20.43)	0.000
	Alcohol consumption	Yes	29.5 (26.44–32.76)	31.1 (30.16–32.07)	0.345
	Physical exercise	Yes	35.25 (32.14–38.49)	47.81 (46.81–48.81)	0.000
Chronic illnesses	Cardiovascular disease	Yes	24.43 (21.75–27.34)	9.55 (9–10.12)	0.000
	Diabetes	Yes	20.19 (17.62–23.04)	9.87 (9.31–10.46)	0.000
	Depression	Yes	20.82 (18.31–23.58)	9.48 (8.94–10.05)	0.000
Utilization of health care services	Doctor visits during the previous month	Yes	53.7 (50.39–56.97)	33.66 (32.73–34.59)	0.000
	Hospital admissions during the previous 12 mo	Yes	22.62 (20–25.48)	9.06 (8.51–9.63)	0.000
	Emergency room visits during the previous 12 mo	Yes	23.17 (20.52–26.05)	9.14 (8.6–9.72)	0.000
Total			8.21 (7.69–8.73)	91.79 (91.27–92.3)

Note: a, P values when comparing the distribution of variables among adults with and without COPD.

Table 2. Influenza vaccination coverage according to social demographic variables, self rated health and tabaco use among adults with and without COPD. EHS 2009

Variable	Categories	Adults with COPD		Adults without COPD
		#Vaccinated/ #sample	Influenza vaccination coverage % (95% CI)	#Vaccinated/#sample	Influenza vaccination coverage % (95% CI)
Age^a,d	40–64 y	196 / 580	33.72 (29–38.79)	1612 / 9690	16.63 (15.73–17.56)
	65–74 y	256 / 331	77.37 (72.09–81.9)	1280 / 2221	57.63 (55.27–59.96)
	≥ 75 y	311 / 398	78.21 (72.83–82.78)	1533 / 2136	71.75 (69.67–73.75)
Gender^c	Female	296 / 639	46.38 (42.2–50.62)	1718 / 7451	23.05 (22.16–23.96)
	Male	349 / 670	52.13 (47.57–56.65)	1283 / 6595	19.45 (18.56–20.37)
Educational level^b, d	≤ 16 y	556 / 994	55.9 (52.3–59.44)	2396 / 8748	27.39 (26.46–28.33)
	> 16 y	108 / 315	34.15 (28.65–40.11)	747 / 5298	14.11 (13.29–14.97)
Monthly incomes^b, d	≤ €1400	412 / 749	55.03 (50.76–59.24)	1664 / 5981	27.83 (26.66–29.03)
	> €1400	243 / 560	43.36 (38.24–48.63)	1408 / 8065	17.46 (16.6–18.34)
Perceived health^b,d	Excellent, Good	115 / 363	31.69 (26.97–36.81)	1302 / 8763	14.86 (14.21–15.54)
	Fair, Poor, Very poor	562 / 946	59.39 (55.6–63.07)	2050 / 5284	38.82 (37.4–40.26)
Smoking^a,c	Smoker	90 / 313	28.87 (23.7–34.65)	395 / 3604	10.96 (10.07–11.92)
	Ex-smoker	254 / 447	56.8 (50.62–62.77)	898 / 3497	25.68 (24.17–27.26)
	Non-smoker	306 / 550	55.71 (50.7–60.61)	1669 / 6944	24.03 (23.09–25)
Total		196 / 580	49.37 (46.26–52.48)	1612 / 9690	21.29 (20.66–21.94)
Crude Odds Ratio [OR; 95%CI]			[3.04 (2.64–3.5)]	[1]
Adjusted Odds Ratio [OR; 95%CI]			[2.04(1.71–2.43)]	[1]

Notes: ^a Statistically significant association (p < 0,05) or ^b(p < 0.01)when analyzing influenza vaccination coverage among adults with COPD, ^c Statistically significant association (p < 0,05) or ^d (p < 0.01) when analyzing influenza vaccination coverage among adults without COPD.

Table 3. Influenza vaccination distribution according to lifestyle variables, chronic contitions and health service utilization among adults with and without COPD. EHS 2009

Variable		Influenza vaccination coverage
		Adults with COPD		Adults without COPD
		#Vaccinated/ #sample	% (IC 95%)	#Vaccinated/ #sample	% (IC 95%)
Obesity^b,d	No	412 / 927	44.47 (40.73–48.27)	2157 / 11296	19.1 (18.42–19.8)
	Yes	220 / 382	57.56 (51.14–63.73)	796 / 2750	28.94 (27.1–30.85)
Alcohol consumption	No	446 / 923	48.31 (44.56–52.07)	1948 / 9678	20.13 (19.4–20.88)
	Yes	182 / 386	47.23 (41.0–53.54)	939 / 4386	21.49 (20.25–22.78)
Physical exercise^b,d	No	493 / 848	58.16 (54.19–62.02)	1897 / 7331	25.88 (24.92–26.88)
	Yes	170 / 461	36.84 (32.22–41.72)	1156 / 6715	17.21 (16.4–18.05)
Asthma^a.c	No	393 / 841	46.76 (42.93–50.62)	2813 / 13428	20.95 (20.31–21.61)
	Yes	252 / 468	53.86 (48.64–58.99)	167 / 618	27.0 (24.08–30.14)
CVD^b,d	No	439 / 989	44.33 (40.91–47.81)	2402 / 12705	18.91 (18.29–19.56)
	Yes	223 / 320	69.75 (63.14–75.63)	799 / 1341	59.53 (56.46–62.52)
Diabetes^b,d	No	477 / 1045	45.62 (42.28–49.01)	2388 / 12660	18.86 (18.24–19.51)
	Yes	180 / 264	68.27 (60.63–75.04)	812 / 1386	58.58 (55.59–61.5)
Depression^c	No	500 / 1036	48.27 (44.82–51.73)	2557 / 12714	20.11 (19.47–20.77)
	Yes	147 / 273	54.1 (47.12–60.92)	502 / 1332	37.72 (34.99–40.53)
Doctor visits during the previous month^b,d	No	240 / 606	39.56 (35.37–43.91)	1533 / 9318	16.45 (15.77–17.15)
	Yes	420 / 703	59.7 (55.27–63.97)	1619 / 4728	34.24 (32.85–35.65)
Hospital admissions during the previous 12 mo^b,d	No	466 / 1013	46.0 (42.55–49.48)	2598 / 12773	20.34 (19.69–21.01)
	Yes	182 / 296	61.41 (54.49–67.9)	403 / 1273	31.65 (29.24–34.16)
Emergency room visits during the previous 12 mo^b,d	No	463 / 1006	46.07 (42.62–49.55)	2593 / 12762	20.32 (19.67–20.98)
	Yes	187 / 303	61.62 (54.76–68.05)	409 / 1284	31.82 (29.41–34.32)

^a Statistically significant association (p < 0,05) or ^b(p < 0.01)when analyzing influenza vaccination coverage among adults with COPD, ^c Statistically significant association (p < 0,05) or ^d (p < 0.01) when analyzing influenza vaccination coverage among adults without COPD.

Table 4. Predictors for influenza vaccination among adult Spaniards with COPD. EHS 2009

Variables	Categories	Crude OR	95% CI	Adjusted OR	95% CI
Age	40–64 y	1.0		1	1
	65–74 y	6.7	4.70–9.59	5.71	3.9–8.38
	≥ 75 y	7.1	4.89–10.16	5.25	3.45–7.98
Gender	Male	1.0		1	1
	Female	0.8	0.62–0.91	0.5	0.34–0.74
Perceived health	Very good/Good	1		1	1
	Fair/Bad/Very bad	2.50	1.84–3.39	1.7	1.2–2.41
Tobacco use	Non-smoker	1.0		1	1
	Ex-smoker	0.96	0.68–1.35	0.82	0.54–1.26
	Smoker	0.33	0.23–0.48	0.46	0.28–0.75
Doctor visits during the previous month	No	1.0		1	1
	Yes	2.3	1.56–2.68	1.68	1.21–2.33