Correlates of comfort with alternative settings for HPV vaccine delivery

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of parents (n = 506) and their adolescent sons (n = 391)

	n	(%)
Parent Characteristics
Sex
Female	271	(53.6)
Male	235	(46.4)
Age
< 45 y	309	(61.1)
> 45 y	197	(38.9)
Race / Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	340	(67.2)
Non-Hispanic Black	62	(12.3)
Hispanic	78	(15.4)
Other race/ethnicity	26	(5.1)
Education
High school degree or less	223	(44.1)
Some college or more	283	(55.9)
Marital status
Divorced, widowed, separated, never married	91	(18.0)
Married or living with a partner	415	(82.0)
Son Characteristics ^a
Age
11–12 y	119	(30.4)
13–15 y	149	(38.1)
16–17 y	123	(31.5)
Race / Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	240	(61.4)
Non-Hispanic Black	48	(12.3)
Hispanic	63	(16.1)
Other race/ethnicity	40	(10.2)
Saw a health care provider in past year
No	105	(20.8)
Yes	401	(79.3)
Household characteristics
Annual household income
< $60,000	253	(50.0)
≥ $60,000	253	(50.0)
Urbanicity
Rural	85	(16.8)
Urban	421	(83.2)
Region of residence
West	107	(21.2)
Midwest	122	(24.1)
Northeast	108	(21.3)
South	169	(33.4)

^a Data collected during parent survey, but we report data only for those sons who completed their own surveys. Sons who completed surveys were similar to non-completers on these characteristics (all p > 0.05).

Table 2. Parents’ comfort with getting their sons HPV vaccine in alternative settings (n = 506)

	Comfort		Bivariate		Multivariable
	Mean	(SD)	β	(95% CI)	β	(95% CI)
Parent Characteristics
Sex
Female	2.93	(1.18)	ref		-
Male	2.85	(1.09)	-0.03	(-0.12, 0.15)	-
Age
< 45 y	2.91	(1.18)	ref		-
≥ 45 y	2.86	(1.11)	-0.02	(-0.11, 0.07)	-
Race / Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	2.87	(1.17)	ref		-
Non-Hispanic Black	2.96	(0.98)	0.03	(-0.06, 0.12)	-
Hispanic	2.87	(1.10)	0.00	(-0.09, 0.09)	-
Other race/ethnicity	3.10	(1.20)	0.04	(-0.04, 0.13)	-
Education
High school degree or less	2.95	(1.16)	ref		-
Some college or more	2.85	(1.12)	-0.04	(-0.13, 0.04)	-
Marital status
Divorced, widowed, separated, never married	2.89	(1.08)	ref		-
Married or living with a partner	2.89	(1.15)	0.00	(-0.09, 0.09)	-
Son Characteristics
Age
11–12 y	2.73	(1.15)	ref		ref
13–15 y	2.91	(1.17)	0.08	(-0.03, 0.22)	0.02	(-0.07, 0.12)
16–17 y	3.02	(1.08)	0.12	(0.02, 0.23)*	0.05	(-0.05, 0.15)
Saw a health care provider in past year
No	3.10	(1.09)	0.09	(0.01–0.18)*	0.09	(0.01, 0.18)*
Yes	2.84	(1.14)	ref		ref
Ever received any vaccines at school
No	2.79	(1.12)	ref		ref
Yes	3.45	(1.09)	0.20	(0.11, 0.29)**	0.17	(0.09, 0.26)**
Don’t know	3.00	(1.16)	0.03	(-0.06, 0.12)	0.01	(-0.08, 0.09)
Household characteristics
Annual household income
< $60,000	2.98	(1.14)	ref		-
≥ $60,000	2.81	(1.13)	-0.07	(-0.16, 0.1)	-
Urbanicity
Rural	2.96	(1.10)	ref		-
Urban	2.88	(1.15)	-0.03	(-0.12, 0.06)	-
Region of residence
West	2.64	(1.14)	ref		ref
Midwest	2.98	(1.12)	0.12	(0.01, 0.24)*	0.09	(-0.01, 0.20)
Northeast	2.88	(1.13)	0.07	(-0.04, 0.18)	0.06	(-0.04, 0.16)
South	3.02	(1.14)	0.15	(0.04, 0.27)*	0.13	(0.02, 0.24)*
HPV and HPV vaccine
Daughter has received HPV Vaccine^a
No	2.83	(1.16)	ref		ref
Yes	3.15	(1.13)	0.10	(0.01, 0.19)*	0.01	(-0.09, 0.10)
Does not have a daughter	2.87	(1.12)	0.02	(-0.08, 0.11)	-0.01	(-0.10, 0.08)
Thinks son's insurance covers HPV vaccine^b
No	3.03	(1.15)	ref		-
Yes	2.81	(1.14)	-0.08	(-0.21, 0.06)	-
Don’t know	2.89	(1.14)	-0.05	(-0.19, 0.08)	-
Son’s doctor said son should get HPV vaccine^c
No	2.90	(1.14)	ref		-
Yes	2.71	(0.96)	-0.03	(-0.11, 0.06)	-
Worry about son getting HPV-related disease^d,e	1.45	(0.76)	0.10	(0.02, 0.19)*	0.01	(-0.08, 0.10)
Perceived likelihood of son getting HPV-related disease^d,f	2.20	(0.63)	0.14	(0.06, 0.23)**	0.06	(-0.03, 0.15)
Comfort talking with son about new vaccines^d,g	4.35	(0.79)	0.12	(0.04, 0.21)*	0.08	(0.01, 0.16)*
Amount talked with son about HPV vaccine^d,e	1.18	(0.49)	0.08	(-0.01, 0.17)	-
Perceived effectiveness of HPV vaccine^d,e	2.41	(0.92)	0.18	(0.09–0.26)**	0.02	(-0.07, 0.11)
Perceived uncertainty of HPV vaccine^d,h	3.57	(0.67)	-0.23	(-0.31, -0.14)**	-0.17	(-0.26, -0.09)**
Perceived harms of HPV vaccine^d,i	3.03	(0.53)	-0.23	(-0.31, -0.14)**	-0.08	(-0.18, 0.01)
Perceived barriers to getting son HPV vaccine^d,j	1.36	(0.47)	0.09	(0.01, 0.18)*	0.10	(0.02, 0.18)*
Anticipated regret if son got HPV vaccine and fainted^d,e	2.70	(1.07)	-0.25	(-0.33, -0.16)**	-0.16	(-0.25, -0.07)**
Anticipated regret if son didn’t get HPV vaccine and later got HPV infection^d,e	3.17	(0.94)	0.10	(0.02, 0.19)*	0.03	(-0.06, 0.12)

Note: Table presents standardized regression coefficients (β) from linear regression models. Dashes (–) indicate that the model did not include the item. HPV, human papillomavirus; SD, standard deviation; ref, referent category. ^aNo (38%), Yes (14%), Did not have a daughter (48%); ^bNo (10%), Yes (21%), Don’t know (69%); ^cNo (98%), Yes (2%); ^dContinuous variable with overall mean (SD) reported. ^e4-point response scale ranging from “not at all” to “a lot” (coded 1–4). ^f4-point response scale ranging from “no chance” to “high chance” (coded 1–4). ^g2 item scale; each item had a 5-point response scale ranging from “very uncomfortable” to “very comfortable” (coded 1–5). ^h3 item scale; each item had a 5-point response scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” (coded 1–5). ^fi5 item scale; each item had a 5-point response scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” (coded 1–5). ^j2 item scale; each item had a 3-point response scale ranging from “not hard at all” to “very hard” (coded 1–3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.

Table 3. Sons’ comfort getting HPV vaccine in alternative settings (n = 391)

	Comfort		Bivariate		Multivariable
	Mean	(SD)	β	(95% CI)	β	(95% CI)
Son Characteristics
Age^a
11–12 y	2.39	(1.15)	ref		ref
13–15 y	2.61	(1.00)	0.10	(-0.02, 0.22)	0.07	(-0.03, 0.17)
16–17 y	2.76	(1.09)	0.16	(0.04, 0.28)*	0.07	(-0.03, 0.18)
Race / Ethnicity^a
Non-Hispanic White	2.48	(1.07)	ref		ref
Non-Hispanic Black	2.66	(1.03)	0.05	(-0.05, 0.16)	0.08	(-0.01, 0.16)
Hispanic	2.96	(1.17)	0.16	(0.06, 0.27)*	0.14	(0.05, 0.23)*
Other race/ethnicity	2.63	(1.01)	0.04	(-0.06, 0.14)	0.05	(-0.03, 0.15)
Saw a health care provider in past year^a
No	2.86	(1.05)	0.13	(0.03, 0.23)*	0.11	(0.02, 0.19)*
Yes	2.52	(1.08)	ref		ref
Ever received any vaccines at school^a
No	2.51	(1.05)	ref		ref
Yes	2.90	(1.20)	0.12	(0.03, 0.22)*	0.13	(0.05, 0.22)*
Don’t know	3.55	(0.72)	0.15	(0.05, 0.25)**	0.12	(0.03, 0.20)*
Household characteristics
Annual household income
< $60,000	2.26	(1.03)	ref		–
≥ $60,000	2.66	(1.08)	0.01	(-0.08, 0.11)	–
Urbanicity
Rural	2.26	(1.03)	ref		ref
Urban	2.66	(1.08)	0.14	(0.04, 0.24)*	0.17	(0.08, 0.26)**
Region of residence
West	2.51	(1.1)	ref		–
Midwest	2.44	(1.00)	-0.03	(-0.15, 0.10)	–
Northeast	2.67	(1.10)	0.06	(-0.07, 0.18)	–
South	2.70	(1.11)	0.08	(-0.05, 0.21)
HPV and HPV vaccine
HPV knowledge^b
Never heard of HPV prior to survey	2.54	(1.07)	ref		–
Heard of HPV, low knowledge	2.75	(1.00)	0.06	(-0.04, 0.16)	–
Heard of HPV, high knowledge	2.75	(1.17)	0.07	(-0.03, 0.17)	–
Sister had received HPV vaccine^a
No	2.58	(1.09)	ref		–
Yes	2.86	(1.03)	0.09	(-0.02, 0.20)	–
Did not have a sister	2.53	(1.09)	-0.02	(-0.13, 0.08)	–
Perceived likelihood of getting HPV-related disease^c,d	2.04	(0.67)	0.12	(-0.02, 0.22)*	-0.02	(-0.11, 0.07)
Comfort talking with parents about new vaccines^c,e	3.60	(1.06)	0.22	(0.12, 0.32)**	0.13	(0.04, 0.22)*
Amount talked with parents about HPV vaccine^c,f	1.12	(0.42)	0.01	(-0.09, 0.11)	–
Perceived peer acceptance of HPV vaccine^c,g	3.03	(0.60)	0.32	(0.23, 0.41)**	0.18	(0.08, 0.27)**
Potential embarrassment of getting HPV vaccine^c,h	3.00	(1.06)	-0.34	(-0.43, -0.25)**	-0.20	(-0.29, -0.11)**
Anticipated regret if got HPV vaccine and fainted^c,f	2.79	(1.11)	-0.30	(-0.39, -0.20)**	-0.19	(-0.28, -0.10)**
Anticipated regret if didn’t get HPV vaccine and later got HPV infection^c,f	3.13	(1.00)	0.07	(-0.03, 0.17)	–

Note: Table presents standardized regression coefficients (β) from linear regression models. Dashes (–) indicate that the model did not include the item. HPV, human papillomavirus; SD, standard deviation; ref, referent category. ^aData collected during parent survey. ^bMost sons (75%) had never heard of HPV prior to the survey. Among those who were aware of HPV, 9% had low knowledge and 16% had high knowledge about the virus. ^cContinuous variable with overall mean (SD) reported. ^d4-point response scale ranging from “no chance” to “high chance” (coded 1–4). ^e2 item scale; each item had a 5-point response scale ranging from “very uncomfortable” to “very comfortable” (coded 1–5). ^f4-point response scale ranging from “not at all” to “a lot” (coded 1–4). ^g4 item scale; each item had a 5-point response scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” (coded 1–5). ^h2 item scale; each item had a 5-point response scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” (coded 1–5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.