Review of meningococcal vaccines with updates on immunization in adults

Figures & data

Table 1. Meningococcal quadrivalent vaccines^18,101,145

Formulation	Type	Trade name	Manufacturer	Licensed year	Age group	Dose (s)	Serogroups
MPV-4	Polysaccharide	Menomune	Sanofi Pasteur	1981	≥2 y	1	A, C, W, and Y
MPV-4	Polysaccharide	Mencevax	GlaxoSmithKline		≥2 y	1
MenACWY-DT	Conjugate	Menactra	Sanofi Pasteur	2005	11–55 y	1
				2007	2–10 y	1
				2010	9–23 mo	2
MenACWY-CRM	Conjugate	Menveo	Novartis	2010	11–55 y	1
				2011	2–10 y	1
				2013	2–23 mo	4 (if 2–6 mo) 2 (if 7–23 mo)
MenACWY-TT	Conjugate	Nimenrix	GlaxoSmithKline	2012	≥12 mo	1

Table 2. Meningococcal monovalent C vaccines^16,19,95

A
Formulation	Type	Trade name	Manufacturer	Serogroup
MCC-TT	Conjugate	Neisvac-C	Baxter Healthcare	C
MCC-CRM	Conjugate	Menjugate Kit	Novartis
MCC-CRM	Conjugate	Meningitec	Pfizer
B
Licensed year	Age group	Dose (s)
1999	2–4 mo	3
1999–2000	5–11 mo	2
1999–2000	1–18 y	1
2002	20–24 y	1
2006	12 mo	1 (with Hib)

Table 3. Meningococcal monovalent A vaccine^25,118

Formulation	Type	Trade name	Manufacturer	Licensed year	Age group	Dose	Serogroup
MenA-TT	Conjugate	MenAfriVac	Serum Institute of India	2010	1–29 y	1	A

Table 4. Recommendations in adults in United States¹⁸

Vaccine	Dose (s)	Age group	Risk (s)	Booster
MenACWY-DT or MenACWY-CRM	1 dose	2–55 y	-Microbiologists routinely exposed to N meningitidis -Military recruits -Travel to hyperendemic or epidemic area -First-year college students living in residence halls (up to 21 y if not vaccinated >16 y)	Every 5 y if continued risk
	2 doses (2 mo apart)	2–55 y	-Terminal complement deficiency -Asplenia/hyposplenia
	2 doses (2 mo apart)	>18 y	HIV (if 2-dose series not given between 11–18 y)
MPV-4	1 dose	≥56 y	Same as above

Table 5. Recommendations in adults in United Kingdom^43,95

Vaccine	Dose (s)	Age group	Risk (s)	Booster
MCC	1 dose	10–25 y	If unvaccinated	No booster needed
	1 dose of MCC/Hib and 1 dose of MCV-4 (1 mo apart)	≥1 y	-Terminal complement deficiency -Asplenia/hyposplenia
	1 dose	<25 y or any age if at risk for meningococcal disease	-HIV if unknown or previous immunization
	2 doses	<25 y or any age if at risk for meningococcal disease	-HIV if unknown or previous immunization with asplenia
MenACWY-CRM or MenACWY-TT	1 dose	≥11 y	Travel to hyperendemic or epidemic area

Table 6. Recommendations in adults in Saudi Arabia^31,130

Vaccine	Dose (s)	Age group	Risk (s)	Booster
MCV-4 or MPV-4	1 dose	Any age	≥10 d and <3 y prior to travel to Hajj	Every 3 y if frequent travel

Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Clark TA, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Briere EZ, Meissner HC, Baker CJ, Messonnier NE, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2013; 62:RR-2 1 - 28; PMID: 23515099

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sullivan MG. ACIP recommends meningococcal vaccine for at-risk infants [Internet]. Clinical Neurology News Digital Network. Available from: http://www.familypracticenews.com/news/infectious-diseases/single-article/acip-recommends-meningococcal-vaccine-for-at-risk-infants/6eeb9f2782d84a7c87fb89d74cc7b5b4.html.

 Google Scholar

Summary of Product Characteristics for Nimenrix. Electronic Medicines Compendium. 2012. Available at http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/26514/SPC/.

 Google Scholar

Jódar L, Feavers IM, Salisbury D, Granoff DM. Development of vaccines against meningococcal disease. Lancet 2002; 359:1499 - 508; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08416-7; PMID: 11988262

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Ramsay M. Guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease in the UK. Health Protection Agency Meningococcus and Haemophilus Forum, 2012: p. 1-57.

 Google Scholar

Chapter 22 Meningococcal. Green Book, 2013: p. 235-59. Available at http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Immunisation/Greenbook/index.htm.

 Google Scholar

Meningococcal disease in countries of the African meningitis belt, 2012 - emerging needs and future perspectives. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2013; 88:129 - 36; PMID: 23544241

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

LaForce FM, Konde K, Viviani S, Préziosi MP. The Meningitis Vaccine Project. Vaccine 2007; 25:Suppl 1 A97 - 100; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.049; PMID: 17521780

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Geretti AM, Brook G, Cameron C, Chadwick D, Heyderman RS, MacMahon E, Pozniak A, Ramsay M, Schuhwerk M, BHIVA Immunization Writing Committee. British HIV Association guidelines for immunization of HIV-infected adults 2008. HIV Med 2008; 9:795 - 848; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00637.x; PMID: 18983477

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Cramer JP, Wilder-Smith A. Meningococcal disease in travelers: update on vaccine options. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012; 25:507 - 17; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283574c06; PMID: 22907278

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA. The Hajj: updated health hazards and current recommendations for 2012. Euro Surveill 2012; 17:20295; PMID: 23078811

 PubMedGoogle Scholar