Figures & data
Figure 1. Transmission electron microscopy micrograph of the NDV vaccine nanoparticles. (A) pFNDV-PLGA-NPs(magnification 10,000 × ); (B) pFNDV-CS-NPs(magnification 30,000 × ); (C) NDV-CS-NPs (magnification 25,000 × ). Abbreviations: NDV, Newcastle disease virus; pFNDV-PLGA-NPs, the F gene of Newcastle disease virus encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles; pFNDV-CS-NPs, Newcastle disease virus F gene encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles; NDV-CS-NPs, lentogenic live-virus vaccine against Newcastle disease virus.
Figure 2. In vitro expression of the NDV vaccine nanoparticles by western blotting. (A) In vitro expression of the pFNDV-PLGA-NPs in BHK cells. Lane 1: protein marker; Lane 2: the naked plasmid DNA groups; Lane 3: the plasmid DNA from pFNDV-PLGA-NPs transfected group; Lane 4: blank PLGA-NPs group; Lane 5: BHK cells group as the negative control; (B) In vitro expression of the pFNDV-CS-NPs in 293T cells. Lane 1: pFNDV-CS-NPs transfected group; Lane 2: naked plasmid DNA groups; M: Protein marker; Lane 3: 293T cells as the negative control; Lane 4: blank CS-NP group; (C) Detection of the NDV structural proteins after encapsulation by western blot. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: Original NDV fluid; Lane 2: NDV recovered from the NDV-CS-NPs. Four positive reaction bands were detected at 75 kDa (HN), 54 kDa (F), 45 kDa (P), and 41 kDa (M). Abbreviations: CS, chitosan; NDV, Newcastle disease virus; pFNDV-PLGA-NPs, the F gene of Newcastle disease virus encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles; pFNDV-CS-NPs, Newcastle disease virus F gene encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles; HN, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein; F, fusionprotein; P, phosphoprotein; M, matrix protein.
Figure 3. IgG antibody titers in immune SPF chickens. (A) IgG antibody titers in serum of SPF chickens immunized with PBS (IM), blank PLGA-NPs (IM), blank PLGA-NPs (IN), and the naked plasmid DNA (IM), pFNDV-PLGA-NPs (IM), pFNDV-PLGA-NPs (IN) or pFNDV-PLGA-NPs (IM/IN); (B) IgG antibody titers in serum of SPF chickens immunized with PBS (IM), blank CS-NP (IM), blank CS-NP (IN), and the naked plasmid DNA (IM), pFNDV-CS-NPs (IM), pFNDV-CS-NPs (IN); (C) IgG antibody titers in serum of SPF chickens immunized with NDV-CS-NPs orally, NDV-CS-NPs intranasally, LaSota live vaccine intranasally, inactivated NDV vaccines, blank CS-NPs control, and physiological saline by oral route. Abbreviations: CS, chitosan; NDV, Newcastle disease virus; IM, intramuscularly; IN, intranasally; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; pFNDV-PLGA-NPs, the F gene of Newcastle disease virus encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles; pFNDV-CS-NPs, Newcastle disease virus F gene encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles; HN, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein; F, fusionprotein; P, phosphoprotein; M, matrix protein.
