Absence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in sera of diabetic children and adolescents following hepatitis B vaccination

Figures & data

Table 1. Basic characteristics of children and adolescents with anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L

Parameters	Group I (n = 64)	Group II (n = 19)	X^2	t	Mann–Whitney	P
Age (Mean ± SD)	10.71 ± 1.36	9 ± 3.73		1.963		0.064
Sex Males Females	33 (51.60%) 31 (48.40%)	9 (47.40%) 10 (52.60%)	1.995			0.158
HBsAg	Negative	Negative
Anti-HBc “Total”	Negative	Negative
Anti-HBs Median (Minimum–Maximum)	52.4 (10.00–886.03)	47.8 (11.53–248.23)			523.5	0.36
HBV DNA by PCR	Negative	Negative
Duration of IDDM	———–	2 ± 0.66 y
HbA1c (Mean ± SD)	————	6.89 ± 1.78

SD, standard deviation; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti-HBc, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; Anti-HBs, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.

Table 2. Basic characteristics of children and adolescents with anti-HBs < 10 IU/L

Parameters	Group I (n = 43)	Group II (n = 44)	X^2	t	Mann–Whitney	P
Age (Mean ± SD)	10.84 ± 2.54	11.07 ± 0.91		0.561		0.577
Sex Males Females	16 (37.21%) 27 (62.79%)	23 (52.27%) 21 (47.73%)	1.995			0.158
HBsAg	Negative	Negative
Anti-HBc “Total”	Negative	Negative
Anti-HBs Median (Minimum–Maximum)	2 (0–9.75)	0 (0–9.25)			705.0	0.03*
HBV DNA by PCR	Negative	Negative
Duration of IDDM	———–	1.87 ± 2.2 y
HbA1c (Mean ± SD)	————	6.73 ± 1.17

SD, standard deviation; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti-HBc, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; Anti-HBs, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin. *Significant difference.

Table 3. Sequences of primer pairs used for PCR to detect HBV genome

Gene and primer ^a	Sequence (5′ 3′)	Nucleotide position
Surface gene
P1s	TCACCATATT CTTGGGAACA AGA	2823-2845
S1–2a	CGAACCACTG AACAAATGGC	685-704
Core gene
C1s	CTGGGAGGAG TTGGGGGA	1730-1747
C2a	GTAGAAGAAT AAAGCCC	2503-2487
C3s	GGTCTTTGTA CTCGGAGGCT G	1763-1783
C4a	ATACTAACAT TGACATTCCC	2455-2436
X gene
X1s	CTAGCCGCTT GTTTTGCTCG	1282-1301
X2a	TTATGCCTAC AGCCTCCTAG	1666-1647
X3s	GGTCTTACAT AAGAGGACTC	1518-1537
X4a	GTTCACGGTG GTCTCCAT	1625-1608

^a s, sense; a, antisense