Tailored immunity by skin antigen-presenting cells

Figures & data

Table 1. Mouse and human APC subsets and their associated markers in healthy skin

Mouse subsets	Phenotype	Human subsets	Phenotype
Langerhans cell	CD11b^int, CD207^+, CD205^+, CD103-, CD172a^+	Langerhans cell	CD1a^hi, CD1c^+, EpCAM^+
XCR1^+ DDC	CD11b^low, XCR1^+, CD207^+, CD103^+/−, CLEC9A^+, CD172a^-	CD141^+ DDC	CD1a^+/−, CD14^+/−, CD1c^low/int
CD11b^+ DDC	CD11b^+, XCR1^-, CD172a^+	CD1a^+ DDC	CD1a^int, CD1b^+, CD1c^+, CD14^-, CD208^+
CD11b^low DDC	CD11b^low, XCR1^-, CD172a^+	-	-
Monocyte-derived DC	CD11b^+, Ly6C^+, CD64^low/+, MERTK^-/low	CD14^+ DDC	CD1a^-, CD14^+, CD1c^+, CD163^+, DC-SIGN^+
Dermal Macrophage	CD64^+, MERTK^+	Dermal Macrophage	CD14^+, CD1a^−, CD1c^-, FXIIIa^+
Plasmacytoid DDC	CD11b^-, B220^+, PDCA1^+	Plasmacytoid DDC	CD123^+, CD303^+, CD304^+

Four conventional DC subsets have been described in mice, which can be identified by their level of expression of a group of markers. In addition, murine skin contains myeloid monocyte-derived DCs and dermal macrophages. Plasmacytoid DCs are almost absent in healthy skin. Human counterpart DCs are identified based on the expression of CD1a, CD1c, CD14, and CD141. High expression of the cellular marker is denoted by ⁺, while intermediate, low, and lack of expression are denoted by^int,^low, respectively. DDC, dermal dendritic cell.

Figure 1. Mouse skin APCs shape adaptive immune responses. APC populations of the epidermis and dermis have high propensity for modulation of adaptive immune responses. This figure summarizes published works describing interaction between skin APC and T cell in skin and draining lymph node at steady-state or during inflammatory responses. InfDC, inflammatory dendritic cell; LC, Langerhans cell; T_H, T helper; T_REG, regulatory T cell.