Normal or defective immune response to Hepatitis B vaccine in patients with diabetes and celiac disease

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the study population

Subjects	T1DM; n = 69	CD; n = 42	Controls; n = 79	P value
Age range	1–18	1–37	1–43
Median age at blood collection (year)	8	5	7	ns
Gender M/F	39/30	19/23	34/45
Time interval between vaccination and HB testing (median year range)	6.8 (0.3–15.6)	3.5 (0.2–13.2)	4.7 (0.12–19.5)	ns
Vaccinated against measles (MMR) 1 dose	33	28	43
Time interval between 1st dose MMR and measles testing (median year range)	4.4 (0.25–9.8)	3.1 (0.41–12.3)	2.1 (0.2–23)	ns
HLA typing in 69 T1DM patients
DQ2+/DQ8−	25 (36%)*
DQ2−/DQ8+	20 (29%)°
DQ2−/DQ8− negative	15 (22%)
DQ2+/DQ8+	9 (13%)

CT, control subjects; T1DM, type I diabetes mellitus patients; CD, celiac disease patients; *5 (7.2%) homozygous, 20 (29%) heterozygous; °4 (5.8%) homozigous, 16 (23%) heterozygous.

Table 2. Specific antibody levels against HBV and measles in patients and controls

Specific antibody	T1DM; n = 69	CD; n = 42	Controls; n = 79	P value
Anti-HBs negative	19/69 (27%)	10/42 (24%)	18/79 (23%)
Anti-HBs positive (> 10 IU/L)	50 (73%)	32 (76%)	61 (77%)	ns
Anti-HBs concentration (IU/L):
0	17 (25%)	1 (2%)	7 (9%)
1–9	2 (3%)	9 (21%)	10 (13%)
10–100	38 (55%)	20 (48%)	35 (44%)
> 100	12 (17%)	12 (29%)	27 (34%)
Anti-HBs concentration (mean ± SD - IU/L)	75 ± 149	150 ± 263	169 ± 268	P = 0.0068°
MMR vaccine 1 dose	33	28	43
Anti-measles antibody positive	29 (88%)	21 (75%)	38 (89%)	ns
Anti-measles antibody concentration (NTU):
Negative (< 9 NTU)	4	7	5
Border line (9–11 NTU)	1	0	2
Positive (> 11 NTU)	28	21	36
Measles antibody concentration (mean NTU ± SD)	20.8 ± 8.5	18.6 ± 9.4	20.7 ± 8.6	ns

CT, control subjects; T1DM, type I diabetes mellitus patients; CD, celiac disease patients; °The P value was obtained using ANOVA procedure on log₁₀-transformed values.

Figure 1. Log₁₀- transformed anti-HBs titer, by clinical groups. Means and 95% confidence intervals of the means are indicated. CT, control subjects; T1DM, type I diabetes mellitus patients; CD, celiac disease patients.

Table 3. Log₁₀- transformed anti-HBs titer: Pairwise contrasts between the three clinical groups, CT, T1DM, CD

Clinical groups	Contrast	SE	t	P	95% CI
CT vs CD	−0.0065	0.1544	−0.04	0.966	−0.3111	0.2981
T1DM vs CD	−0.3949	0.1583	−2.50	0.013	−0.7071	−0.0827
T1DM vs CT	−0.3884	0.1332	−2.91	0.004	−0.6512	−0.1255

CT, control subjects; T1DM, type I diabetes mellitus patients; CD, celiac disease patients; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error; t, Student t value as ratio between mean and SE; NB, The significance of each contrast is indicated by P. The contrasts are differences between means.