Prion transmission

Figures & data

Table 1 Detection of prion infectivity or PrP^Sc within excreta/secreta or within tissues released into the environment

Biological material	Prion strain/host species	Prion detection method	Disease status	Reference
Milk	scrapie/sheep	ovine bioassay	clinical	54
	scrapie/sheep	rodent bioassay	clinical/preclinical	55
	scrapie/sheep	sPMCA	clinical/preclinical	56
Feces	scrapie/hamster	CDI	clinical/preclinical	45
	scrapie/hamster	sPMCA	clinical	42
	CWD/deer	cervid bioassay	clinical/preclinical	46
	scrapie/sheep	sPMCA	clinical/preclinical	48
Urine	scrapie/mouse	rodent bioassay	clinical/preclinical	35
	scrapie/hamster	sPMCA	clinical	36
	scrapie/hamster	rodent bioassay	clinical	37
	scrapie/hamster	sPMCA	clinical	38
	CWD/deer	murine bioassay and sPMCA	clinical	41
Saliva	CWD/deer	cervid bioassay	clinical	18
	CWD/deer	cervid bioassay	preclinical	69
	CWD/deer	murine bioassay	clinical	41
	scrapie/sheep	sPMCA	preclinical	70
Nasal secretions	TME/hamster	rodent bioassay and QUiCa	clinical	68
Skin	BSE/kudu	rodent bioassay	clinical	87
	BSE/hamster	Western blot	clinical	88
	scrapie/hamster	Western blot	clinical/preclinical	88
	scrapie/sheep	Western blot	clinical	88
	vCJD/human	Western blot	clinical	89
	CWD/elk	rodent bioassay and sPMCA	clinical	90
Placenta	scrapie/sheep	sheep/goat bioassay	clinical	76
	scrapie/sheep	Western blot	preclinical	105
	scrapie/sheep	Western blot, IHC	clinical/preclinical	78
	scrapie/sheep	ELISA	preclinical	75

a QUiC (Quake-induced Conversion) assay affords the high level in vitro amplification of PrP^Sc.104

Table 2 Levels of scrapie prion detected in excreta/secreta

Biological material	Host species	Prion detection method	Equivalent amount of clinical brainstem (g)	Reference
Skin	hamster	western blot	1–2 × 10^−4/g	88
Placenta a	sheep	ELISA	2 × 10^−2/g	75
Milk	sheep	rodent bioassay	6 × 10^−6/ml	55
Feces	sheep	sPMCA	4 × 10^−9/g	48
Urine	hamster	sPMCA	1–10 × 10^−11/ml	38
	hamster	sPMCA	1 × 10^−11/ml	106
Saliva	sheep	sPMCA	2 × 10^−8/buccal swab	70

a prion was measured within cotyledons.

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