Figures & data
Figure 1. Recognition of YopJ, HopZ1a, and an unknown Xanthomonas T3SE. (A) Yersinia spp. injects YopJ into mammalian host cells. YopJ interferes with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) cascades via acetylation of MAPKK and IKKβ in the kinase binding site, thereby blocking downstream signaling and suppressing immune signaling. (B) Pseudomonas syringae injects HopZ1a into plant cells, where it is myristoylated and membrane-associated. HopZ1a acetylates ZED1, which triggers ZAR1-mediated immunity. (C) Xanthomonas spp. injects an unknown T3SE into plant cells that is recognized by ZRK1/RKS1 (a homolog of ZED1). The T3SE may modify ZRK1 to trigger immunity by an unknown NLR protein.
