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Research Paper

Unripe red fruits may be aposematic

, &
Pages 836-841 | Received 18 Jul 2009, Accepted 21 Jul 2009, Published online: 01 Sep 2009

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A) Red unripe poisonous fruit of Nerium oleander. (B) The spiny unripe red fruits of Emex spinosa. (C) Red prickles cover the unripe pods of Hedysarum spinosissimum. (D) Poisonous unripe red fruits and a ripe black fruit of Rhamnus alaternus. (E) Red unripe fruits of Pistacia palaestina. (F) Red sour unripe fruits and sweet black ripe fruits of Rubus sanguineus.

Figure 1 (A) Red unripe poisonous fruit of Nerium oleander. (B) The spiny unripe red fruits of Emex spinosa. (C) Red prickles cover the unripe pods of Hedysarum spinosissimum. (D) Poisonous unripe red fruits and a ripe black fruit of Rhamnus alaternus. (E) Red unripe fruits of Pistacia palaestina. (F) Red sour unripe fruits and sweet black ripe fruits of Rubus sanguineus.

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