College athletics, universities, and the NCAA

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Notes

1 Rutgers defeated Princeton by a score of 6 to 4 on November 6, 1869.

2 In the best spirit of competition, both textbooks are published by the same company, cover the same material and are sold at the same price.

3 The penalties referred to are the contemporaneous penalties for 2005–2006. Penalties are assessed for a team not schools. Some universities were penalized in more than one sport. There are also historical penalties. A complete list may be found at: http://www2.ncaa.org/portal/academics_and_athletes/education_and_research/academic_reform/penalties_per_school.pdf.

4 The term competitive balance is being used here to mean “relatively even competition” among teams.

5 Despite NCAA imposed financial restrictions and an effort to ensure that student athletes remain amateurs, student athletes are “paid” with scholarships and other benefits.

6 Rodney Fort, 2003, p. 446), states a Rottenberg invariance principle for college athletics: “The distribution of talent in a college sport is invariant with respect to who gets the revenue.”