Research Article: The Use of Domestic Goats and Vinegar as Municipal Weed Control Alternatives

Abstract

This article presents the results of a two year pilot case study of alternative weed control in a northern Canadian community. Investigators tested the efficacy of acetic acid (vinegar) and a domestic herbivore (goats) as invasive weed control alternatives to the use of commercial herbicides in a north central British Columbian municipal setting. Results were positive for using an 8% concentration of vinegar as a control for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) scop.), although these results were significant only in the second year of applications. Domestic goats demonstrated significant interest in thistle, as well as hawkweed, (Hieracium spp.), two species of horsetail (Equisetum arvense and Equisetum pratense), oxeye daisies (Leucanthemum vulgare), and the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Cost estimates suggest that over a five year period, both methods are as cost effective as single application herbicides, while posing fewer concerns over impacts on human and ecosystem health. Both are simple solutions easily implemented, with some planning, even by small municipalities and communities.

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by grants from the North West Invasive Plant Council and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities' Green Municipal Fund. The authors gratefully acknowledge the in-kind contributions and support of the City of Prince George (which provided the land base for the research) and of Deanna Boomhower of Prince George, who provided considerable assistance with the goats. Research assistance was provided by Cari Edger, Anna Gradowski, and Ian Parker, all Research Assistants on the Prince George Northern Sustainable Landscape Initiative.