Clinical outcomes and associated factors in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: a multicenter study in Ethiopia

Abstract

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and associated factors in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

This five-year retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 241 patients who underwent urgent and primary PCI. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), postprocedural complications, and survival rates. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to assess the overall survival rates and median survival time and to compare the survival probability curves for independent predictors. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented.

Results

One hundred forty-two patients underwent elective PCI with drug-eluting stent implantation (75.1%) as the reperfusion method. The in-hospital mortality and non-fatal MACCE rates were 3.7% and 24.1%, respectively. The predictors of in-hospital mortality were female sex (AHR = 8.39, 95% CI: 1.20–58.68, p = 0.03), preprocedural obesity (AHR = 6.54, 95% CI: 1.10–40.60, p = 0.04), previous myocardial infarction (AHR = 9.68, 95% CI: 1.66–56.31, p = 0.01), chronic heart failure (AHR = 9.21, 95% CI: 1.38–61.78, p = 0.02), and a previous history of stroke (AHR = 18.99, 95% CI: 1.59–227.58, p = 0.02). Notably, this study reported a high one-year survival rate.

Conclusion

Urgent and primary PCIs are critical interventions for patients with MI in Ethiopia, showing promising outcomes such as low in-hospital mortality and a high one-year survival rate. These findings underscore the importance of optimising access to PCI and related treatments to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:

• Percutaneous coronary intervention
• clinical outcomes
• myocardial infarction
• major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events
• Ethiopia

Acknowledgments

We thank the study participants and Addis Ababa University for financially supporting this study.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the School of Pharmacy (SoP) College of Health of Sciences (CHS), Addis Ababa University (AAU) (ERB/SOP/249/13/2021). In addition, the Institutional Review Board of SPHMMC approved the study protocol (PM23/85).

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Authors’ contributions

WMT and TAT conceived and designed the study, participated in the research, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, and writing of the manuscript. GA, DAB, MTT, GTT, and BAS critically reviewed and edited the manuscript’s first and subsequent drafts. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The datasets used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by the Addis Ababa University postgraduate program.