Abstract
Background. To determine the risk of endometrial and cervical pathology during long-term follow-up in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thin endometrium (≤4.4 mm), and to determine the incidence and significance of re-bleeding. Methods. Retrospective study including all women (n=332) with postmenopausal bleeding and thin endometrium examined at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Malmö University Hospital from 1992 until 2002. Follow-up was accomplished by searching the medical records, the local registry of cytology and pathology, and the regional cancer registry up to November 15, 2005. Results. At the first visit, cervical cancer was diagnosed in 1.5% (5/332) and endometrial cancer in 0.9% (3/332) of the women. During follow-up, cervical cancer was detected in 2/313 (0.6%) of the women; no additional case of endometrial cancer was found. In the region, the expected incidence of cervical and endometrial cancer during follow-up was 0.23 (standard incidence ratio [SIR], 8.7; 95% CI 1.1–31.4) and 1.34 (SIR, 0.0; 95% CI 0.0–2.7), respectively. Thirteen percent (41/313) of the women sought medical care because of re-bleeding. Endometrial pathology was found in 16% (4/25) and cervical pathology in 11% (3/28) of these women. Conclusions. Cervical cancer was twice as common as endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding and a thin endometrium. During follow-up, the risk of endometrial cancer was as expected, whereas the risk of cervical cancer was higher than expected. The results support that the diagnostic focus should be directed at excluding cervical pathology and that repeated diagnostic procedures be performed in cases of re-bleeding.
| Acronyms | ||
| AGC | = | atypical glandular cells |
| AIS | = | endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ |
| ASC | = | atypical squamous cells |
| CIN | = | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| D&C | = | dilatation and curettage |
| HRT | = | hormone replacement therapy |
| PMB | = | postmenopausal bleeding |
| HSIL | = | high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions |
| LEEP | = | loop electrosurgical excision procedure |
| LSIL | = | low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions |
| OR | = | odds ratio |
| SIR | = | standard incidence ratio |
| Acronyms | ||
| AGC | = | atypical glandular cells |
| AIS | = | endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ |
| ASC | = | atypical squamous cells |
| CIN | = | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| D&C | = | dilatation and curettage |
| HRT | = | hormone replacement therapy |
| PMB | = | postmenopausal bleeding |
| HSIL | = | high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions |
| LEEP | = | loop electrosurgical excision procedure |
| LSIL | = | low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions |
| OR | = | odds ratio |
| SIR | = | standard incidence ratio |