Comparison of periodontal and peri-implant inflammatory parameters among patients with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls

Abstract

Objective: The aim was to compare periodontal and periimplant inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD] and marginal bone loss [MBL]) among patients with prediabetes, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic controls.

Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with prediabetes (Group-1), 43 patients with T2DM (Group-2) and 42 controls (Group-3) were included. Demographic data was recorded using a questionnaire. Full mouth and periimplant clinical (PI, BOP and PD) were assessed and the radiographic MBL were measured on digital radiographs. In all groups, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also measured. p values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean HbA1c levels of participants in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 6.1%, 8.4% and 4.8%, respectively. The mean duration of prediabetes and T2DM among patients in groups 1 and 2 were 1.9 ± 0.3 and 3.1 ± 0.5 years, respectively. Periodontal and periimplant PI, BOP, PD and MBL were higher in groups 1 (p < .05) and 2 (p < .05) than group 3. There was no difference in these parameters in groups 1 and 2.

Conclusions: Periodontal and periimplant inflammatory parameters were worse among patients with prediabetes and T2DM compared with controls; however, these parameters were comparable among patients with prediabetes and T2DM.

Keywords:

• Alveolar bone loss
• diabetes mellitus type 2
• gingival bleeding on probing
• prediabetic state
• periodontal disease

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Notes on contributors

Tariq Abduljabbar is an Associate Professor at the Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He is an Harvard University Graduate and has a doctorate degree.

Fahim Vohra is an Associate Professor in the Department of Prosthetic Dental Science College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh. He is a fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. His expertise lie in Implant Dentistry and Prosthodontics.

Additional information

Funding

The authors extend their sincere appreciations to Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding of this prolific research group (PRG-1437-38).