Evaluation and comparison of serum vitamin D and calcium levels in periodontally healthy, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in patients with and without diabetes mellitus – a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: Limited data are available with respect to the relation of vitamin D and calcium with periodontal infections and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the levels of vitamin D and calcium in serum of periodontally healthy, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients with and without T2DM.

Material and methods: The study evaluated 100 patients equally divided into five groups (Group I to Group V) according to the inclusion criteria. Clinical parameters and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level were assessed. Other laboratory investigations comprised of random blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin and serum calcium.

Results: The probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were found to be greater in chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis with diabetes mellitus, while the vitamin D and calcium levels were found to be least in these groups. When vitamin D and calcium levels were compared between periodontal disease with diabetes to that of non-diabetics, statistically significant difference were found between the two with p-value of .001 indicating decrease in levels of vitamin D and calcium with increase in RBS and HbA1c values.

Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium levels are inversely correlated with random blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin and also probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss, thus contributing towards increase in periodontal disease severity.

Keywords:

• Calcium
• gingivitis
• periodontitis
• vitamin D

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.