Fish Community Response to Habitat Alteration: Impacts of Sand Dredging in the Kansas River

Abstract

Instream dredging, a common practice in rivers worldwide, can affect fish and fish habitat. We investigated the magnitude of these alterations and their influence on the fish community of the Kansas River, a large sand-bed river. Fishes were collected monthly from June 2010 to June 2011 in Edwardsville and Lawrence, Kansas, from 12 reaches of three types: 3 actively dredged, 2 historically dredged (i.e., not been dredged for at least 1 month before sampling), and 7 nondredged control reaches. The reaches, each 1 km long, were sampled with bottom trawls, seines, and electrofishing. Water depths and velocities at all 12 reaches were measured with an acoustic doppler current profiler and interpolated in ArcGIS. Actively dredged reaches had proportionally more deepwater habitat (>3 m) and low velocity (<0.15 m/s) near the riverbed than control reaches. However, the mean proportion of shallow-water habitat (<0.5 m), high velocities near the riverbed (>0.30 m/s), low-velocity habitat (<0.25 m/s), and high-velocity habitat (>0.75 m/s) were similar among all reach types. A canonical correspondence analysis was used to characterize relationships among habitat variables, the three reach types, and CPUE. Mean velocity and depth explained a significant amount of variation in species CPUE; however, reach type was not a significant factor for any of the gear types for any season. Our results show that dredging in Great Plains rivers can increase depths, but alterations to fish community structure was not evident, probably because many of these fishes are adapted to a range of habitat conditions and are highly mobile.

Received January 25, 2012; accepted June 11, 2012

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Funding was provided by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism through State Wildlife Grant T-26. Additional support of this project was provided by the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Kansas State University Division of Biology, and the Kansas State University Department of Geography. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government, the U.S. Geological Survey, or other sponsoring or participating agencies. We thank K. Gido and J. Gerken for providing insight and logistical support. K. Costigan and numerous technicians and volunteers provided valuable assistance in field collections and in the laboratory We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments.