Effects of Temperature on Age-0 Atlantic Menhaden Growth in Chesapeake Bay

Abstract

Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus is an economically and ecologically important forage fish in the western Atlantic Ocean. In the Chesapeake Bay, its recruitment has been low since the late 1980s, prompting questions on how environmental factors may affect its productivity. Growth is an important component of production, but causes of spatial and temporal variability in growth of age-0 Atlantic Menhaden are not fully understood. Our objective was to quantify the effect of temperature on spatial and temporal variability in growth of age-0 Atlantic Menhaden in Chesapeake Bay. We analyzed data on mean length and temperature for years 1962–2011 from nine regions of Chesapeake Bay. We developed a linear model that relates mean total length of Atlantic Menhaden to cumulative growing degree-days (GDDs) in Chesapeake Bay and validated the model using data that were withheld from the initial parameter estimation. The temperature threshold that best described variability in growth was 14°C, a temperature substantially higher than the physiological threshold for growth. The GDD model explained almost 80% of the variability in mean length over time (within and among years) and among regions. In a model validation exercise, it accurately predicted mean length in tributary subregions of the bay not included in the original model fitting. The GDD model requires only temperature data to effectively predict growth, making it simpler to apply than models requiring more complex approaches.

Received August 22, 2013; accepted May 30, 2014

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chesapeake Bay Office and MDNR for funding, the field crews from VIMS, CBL, and MDNR for length data, the Chesapeake Bay Program for temperature data, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. G. Davis provided data from the Maryland trawl survey and C. Lozano provided the length–weight conversion. This is contribution number 4937 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and contribution number 3389 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary.