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Abstract
The essay argues (a) that rhetorical and argumentation theorists need to theorize ideology as a complex rhetorical totality and (b) that the subject of validity and legitimacy must be addressed in order to warrant ideological critique. The essay offers a model which outlines a rhetorical theory of ideological totality. Then, a distinction between reflective and alienated judgment is developed as a way of approaching the issue of rhetorical validity and legitimacy.