Strategies for Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Modified Electrodes and Their Application in Electroanalysis: A Review

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP's) have been applied in several areas of analytical chemistry, including the modification of electrodes. The main purpose of such modification is improving selectivity; however, a gain in sensitivity was also observed in many cases. The most frequent approaches for these modifications are the electrodeposition of polymer films and sol gel deposits, spin and drop coating and self-assembling of films on metal nanoparticles. The preparation of bulk (body) modified composites as carbon pastes and polymer agglutinated graphite have also been investigated. In all cases several analytes including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and inorganic species, as well as molecules with biological relevance have been successfully used as templates and analyzed with such devices in electroanalytical procedures. Herein, 65 references are presented concerning the general characteristics and some details related to the preparation of MIP's including a description of electrodes modified with MIP's by different approaches. The results using voltammetric and amperometric detection are described.

Keywords:

• Electroanalytical
• Modified electrodes
• Molecularly imprinted polymers

Notes

^a 2,4-D = 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 3,4-DHBA = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; A = amperometry; Au-NP = gold nanoparticles; Chrono A = chronoamperometry; CPE = carbon paste electrode; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; CV = clyclic voltammetry; DPASV = ; DPCSV = ; DPV = differential pulse voltammetry; EG = epoxy-graphite; GC = glassy carbon electrode; GPU = graphite-polyurethane ; HMDE = hanging mercury drop electrode; ITO = indium tin oxide glass; MIP = molecularly imprinted polymer; MWNT = multi-walled carbon nanotube; OPD =o–phenylenediamine; PEDOT = poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene; PGE = pencil graphite electrode; PPy = polypyrrole; PTFE-G = polytetrafluoroethylene-graphite composite electrode; SBMCE = solid binding matrix composite electrode; SPCE = screen-printed carbon electrode; SWV = square wave voltammetry; V = voltammetry; VMA = vanylmandelic acid (also called vanillimandelic acid or vanillylmandelic acid).

^b not informed in the original reference.